Modular, Lightweight, Wireless Potentiostat-on-a-Disc for Electrochemical Detection in Centrifugal Microfluidics

Abstract

Interfacing electrochemical sensors in lab-on-a-disc (LoD) system with a potentiostat is often tedious and challenging. We here present the first multichannel, modular, lightweight and wirelessly powered, custom-built potentiostat-on-a-disc (PoD) for centrifugal microfluidic applications. The developed potentiostat is in the form factor of a typical DVD and weighs only 127 g. The design of the potentiostat facilitates easy and robust interfacing with the electrodes in the LoD system, while enabling real-time electrochemical detection during rotation. The device can perform different electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, amperometry while being controlled by custom-made software. Measurements were conducted with and without rotation using both inhouse fabricated and commercial electrodes. The performance of the PoD was in good agreement with the results obtained using a commercial potentiostat with a measured current resolution of 200 pA. As a proof-of-concept, we performed a real-time release study of an electrochemically active compound from microdevices used for drug delivery.

PassStat, a simple but fast, precise and versatile open source potentiostat

“…Their relatively high cost prevent their use in resource-limited or within participative science contexts. Therefore, many interesting cheap home-made and open source systems have been proposed for educational purposes or developing countries [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] . In some cases, some devices such as the one proposed by Matsubara reach characteristics close to commercial systems [11] .…”

“…Some open- source devices specifically develop all these elements, which optimizes compactness. For example Whitesides et al, Leech et al and Rajendran et al independently developed potentiostats that can be remotely controlled through wifi with a smartphone [3] , [7] , [9] . Nevertheless, the benefit in size is at the expense of board simplicity and repairability which may discourage new and not trained users to build their own apparatus.…”

QCM Sensor Arrays, Electroanalytical Techniques and NIR Spectroscopy Coupled to Multivariate Analysis for Quality Assessment of Food Products, Raw Materials, Ingredients and Foodborne Pathogen Detection: Challenges and Breakthroughs

“…Electroanalytical techniques including electronic nose [59], electronic tongue [60,61], and biosensors [62] have notably gained attention for quality control assessment due to their sensitivity and portability. Some of these sensors are nanomaterial-based [50,[62][63][64], carbon electrode [65,66], lab-on-a-disc (LOD) [67], paper-based multiplexed [68], and electrochemical aptamer-based (E-Aptasensor) [69] sensors. The real-world applications of electrochemical biosensors for the quality assessment of food products and for the detection of foodborne pathogens are provided in Section 13 of this review.…”

Laser-Induced Carbon Electrodes in a Three-Dimensionally Printed Flow Reactor for Detecting Lead Ions

“… 8 − 11 The most commonly used electrochemical detection technique is voltammetry, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear scanning voltammetry (LSV), anode stripping voltammetry (ASV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). 12 − 14 In ion trace analysis, the most common detection method is stripping voltammetry, which combines the constant potential analysis with the voltammetric analysis. 15 The analysis method has two steps.…”