Modular multilevel converter based hybrid energy storage system

Bharadwaj, Anil; Maiti, Suman

doi:10.1109/appeec.2017.8308983

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…First, thoughts on the hybridization of battery storage systems are already found in publications on RBSs and MLIs [442,460,463,[492][493][494][495][496][497]. The most comprehensive and systematic collection of macrotopologies for HBSSs has been published by Zimmermann et al [498].…”

Section: Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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This review provides an overview of new strategies to address the current challenges of automotive battery systems: Intelligent Battery Systems. They have the potential to make battery systems more performant and future-proof for coming generations of electric vehicles. The essential features of Intelligent Battery Systems are the accurate and robust determination of cell individual states and the ability to control the current of each cell by reconfiguration. They enable high-level functions like fault diagnostics, multi-objective balancing strategies, multilevel inverters, and hybrid energy storage systems. State of the art and recent advances in these topics are compiled and critically discussed in this article. A comprising, critical discussion of the implementation aspects of Intelligent Battery Systems complements the review. We touch on sensing, battery topologies and management, switching elements, communication architecture, and impact on the single-cell. This review contributes to transferring the best technologies from research to product development.

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Section: Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

et al. 2021

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“…where σ is a gain (higher than 1) which may be used to guarantee the dc/dc converter dynamic performance 1 . This margin is illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Es-statcom Main Circuit Parameters Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent surveys indicate the modular multilevel converters (MMC) as a promising topology to be applied in ESS [1], [2]. The MMC topology is composed of several bidirectional converters, denominated submodules (SM), that are cascaded-connected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Design of MMC-Based ES-STATCOM Systems: The Role of the Submodule Reference Voltage

Pinto

Amorim

Cupertino

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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In recent years, the combination of battery energy storage systems and static synchronous compensators in a single device, known as ES-STATCOM, has been studied by both academia and industry. The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an interesting candidate for ES-STATCOM realization. The integration of batteries based on dc/dc converter presents advantages in terms of design flexibility. However, there is a gap in the literature in terms of design and cost-optimization of ES-STATCOM systems. To fill this void, this paper provides a methodology to support engineers to design and perform cost-optimization of ES-STATCOM systems. Both capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX) due to energy losses and battery replacement are taken into account. The methodology identifies what is the optimum submodule voltage reference which minimizes the ES-STATCOM total cost for a given target of operating time. A lifetime model is employed to predict if battery replacement is required. This model computes the battery capacity fade caused by the operation mission profile considering both calendar and cycling aging mechanisms. The case study is based on a 25 MVA/75 MWh ES-STATCOM connected to a 34.5 kV grid, which provides ancillary services for a photovoltaic (PV) power plant. Different rated blocking voltages are assumed for the semiconductor devices. Moreover, different maximum and minimum allowed state-of-charge (SOC) are adopted in the converter design. The proposed methodology can also be used to find the optimum combination of the battery and IGBT part-numbers based on a given initial set.

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“…Furthermore, such systems are connected to the grid using power electronic inverters. As a consequence, operational issues, such as voltage instability and instabilities during faults, harmonic resonances and flicker, may appear [1,2]. Apart from providing fast and dynamic reactive power support for improving voltage regulation, static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) play an important role in improving voltage stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An efficient and compact solution, which can respond to both the active and reactive power control requirements, can be provided if such a BESS can be integrated with a STATCOM [5]. Such a STATCOM integrated with a battery for energy storage is referred as ES-STATCOM in [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking of Modular Multilevel Converter Topologies for ES-STATCOM Realization

et al. 2020

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In recent years, the integration of the high-power static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and energy storage in the same device has gained interest. Such a system is referred to as ES-STATCOM. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) topologies constitute a promising converter family for ES-STATCOM realization, providing a modular and scalable solution with a high efficiency that handles high-power and high-voltage ratings in grid applications. There is a gap in technical literature discussing the design and the comparison of MMC-based ES-STATCOMs while utilizing batteries to find the most suitable MMC topology for ES-STATCOMs. Therefore, this paper benchmarks MMC family members for ES-STATCOM realization. Both centralized and distributed energy storage approaches are investigated. The proposed design flowcharts can be employed for comparison and optimization purposes. In total, seven topologies are compared in terms of number of cells, required silicon area and total battery volume. Different semiconductor devices and battery types are analyzed. The result indicates that centralized energy storage systems are the most suitable due to their design flexibility, low volume and small silicon area. Moreover, the possibility of using over-modulation in MMC using bridge cells has an important role in the optimization of ES-STATCOM. The results for the adopted case study shows that the decentralized approach can lead to 55% higher silicon area and 30% higher volume than the centralized approach. The double-star bridge cell MMC with centralized energy storage is determined as the most suitable solution for ES-STATCOM systems.

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Modular multilevel converter based hybrid energy storage system

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

Optimum Design of MMC-Based ES-STATCOM Systems: The Role of the Submodule Reference Voltage

Benchmarking of Modular Multilevel Converter Topologies for ES-STATCOM Realization

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