Modular Protein Supplements and Their Application to Long‐Term Care

Abstract

Modular protein supplements are added to either the diet or enteral formula to increase the protein or amino acid intakes of people who are nutritionally compromised. Protein supplements are aggressively marketed to long-term care clinicians because protein energy malnutrition and wounds are a common problem in this care setting. It can be challenging for clinicians to distinguish one product from another and to determine the best product for a specific application or nutrition care goal. Modular protein products can be sorted into 4 categories: (1) protein concentrates derived from a complete protein such as milk, soy, or eggs; (2) protein concentrates derived from collagen, either alone or in combination with a complete protein; (3) doses of 1 or more dispensable (nonessential) amino acids; and (4) hybrids of the complete or collagen-based proteins and amino acid dose. Modular protein supplements are generally provided either as a substrate for protein synthesis or as a source of 1 or more amino acids that may be conditionally indispensable (conditionally essential) under certain disease conditions. This review provides guidelines for the use of modular protein supplements according to their intended physiologic function and the assessment and nutrition care goals of the long-term care resident.

Dietary Protein Intake and Bariatric Surgery Patients: A Review

“…As protein food content is also rich in vitamins and minerals, this decreased intake of protein ingestion among the bariatric population can also be related to anemia, zinc and thiamine deficiencies, and a compromised immunological capacity [14]. Inadequate protein intake may also lead to decreased antioxidant capacity, resulting in increased oxidative stress [15], slowed synthesis of hepatic transport proteins [16], a negative nitrogen balance, and deterioration of serum protein levels [17].…”

“…However, individuals under physiological stress may require greater quantities [16]. Longterm studies are needed to establish the safety of the recommended DRIs with regard to the maintenance of a positive nitrogen balance, maintenance of muscle mass, serum protein levels, and immunity [17,31].…”

“…As these kinds of food products can also have high fat content, patients should be advised to consume food with less fat and nonfat products such as lean meat, skimmed milk, and nonfat cheese. Protein supplements are a good option because they have the advantage of increasing protein intake without increasing fat and carbohydrates [16,25].…”

Seafood Quality, Safety, and Health Applications: An Overview

“…Exciting developments in nutrigenomics and the human genome project, combined with formulation of food products containing specific marine bioactives, will create new industrial opportunities for food and pharmaceutical companies. Advances in biotechnological processes and their application to the food industry have resulted in commercial success, as seen in the case of glucosamine [54] and collagen [55]. Therefore, we have strong expectations for the further growth of both research and commercialization of marine nutraceuticals and marine functional foods.…”

Perfil de aminoácidos livres no plasma de mulheres submetidas à cirurgia bariátrica

“…Recomenda-se, também, evitar alimentos com alto teor de gordura, escolhendo a carnes magras, leite e queijos desnatados (FARIA et al, 2011). Em alguns casos, o uso de suplementos protéicos se torna necessário (CASTELLANOS; LITCHFORD;CAMPBELL, 2006;ANDREU et al, 2010).…”