Modulation of inflammatory responses by diterpene acids from Helianthus annuus L.

Anti-inflammatory activity and phenolic profile of propolis from two locations in Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile

“…Therefore, this macrophage cell line provides an excellent model for drug screening and to evaluate potential inhibitors on the pathway leading to the induction of NOS-2. The reactive free radical NO synthesized by NOS-2 is a major macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator and has also been reported to be involved in the development of inflammatory diseases (Díaz-Viciedo et al, 2008).…”

“…Topical anti-inflammatory effect (EA) was evaluated according to the following equation: %EA¼ [W c À W s /W c ] Â 100; where W c and W s are the difference median values of the weights of the right and the left ear sections of the control (W c ) and the treated animals (W s ) respectively (Delporte et al, 2003). The murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was maintained in DMEM Ham´s F-12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine (1 mM), penicillin (100 U/mL), streptomycin (100 mg/mL), gentamicin (40 mg/mL), acquired in Life and Technology (Barcelona, Spain) and L-arginine (1 mM, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) in a humidified 5% CO 2 atmosphere (Díaz-Viciedo et al, 2008;Girón et al, 2010).…”

Melatonin 4 mg as prophylactic therapy for primary headaches: a pilot study

“…The inflammatory response is associated with increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and activation of proinflammatory mediators (Moilanen et al, 1999;Bogdan, 2001). Although the exact mechanisms remain elusive, certain flavonoids and diterpenoids down-regulate NO production in response to inflammatory stimuli (Díaz-Viciedo et al, 2008). Experimental data support the idea that compounds inhibiting expression or activity of NO synthase (NOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) are potential anti-migraine agents (Reuter et al, 2001).…”

Total content of kaurene diterpenes in Annona vepretorum stems via 1H qNMR: A method for speeding the identification of bioactive extracts

“…Kaurene diterpenes (KDs) are very common in Annonaceae , particularly the species Annona and Xylopia . Several biological properties have been described for KDs, namely anti‐inflammatory, antinociceptive, trypanocidal, antifungal, antibacterial, larvicidal, and anti‐HIV . Up to now, mostly HPLC and GC‐based methods have been employed to determine contents of different KDs in plants .…”