Modulation of local and systemic immune responses in brown trout (Salmo trutta) following exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis

Saleh, Mona; Friedl, Adina; Srivastava, Mitaly; Secombes, Christopher J.; El‐Matbouli, Mansour

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.003

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, some salmonid Mx genes induced by IFN-γ (Type-II IFN) have been reported recently ( Robertsen et al., 2019 ; Wang et al., 2019 ). Since the expression of trout IFN-γ is known to be increased after exposure to M. cerebralis ( Baerwald et al., 2008 ; Saleh et al., 2020b ), this suggests a link to the current findings where the two IFN-induced GTP-binding Mx proteins may have been activated by IFN-γ-mediated innate immunity. The abundance of the two GTP-binding Mx proteins was differentially increased for one protein at 4 dpe and for the second at 1 and 4 dpe.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The parasite load decreases considerably on 31 dpe (1 dpc), as the parasites leave the infection site to reach the target organ (head cartilage) ( Saleh et al., 2019a ). The increased M. cerebralis load in the caudal fin indicates that the fish are not able to maintain proper tissue hemostasis, immunity or limit parasite burden during WD as previously reported ( Severin and El-Matbouli, 2007 ; Severin et al., 2010 ; Baerwald, 2013 ; Kotob et al., 2018 ; Saleh et al., 2020a ; 2020b ). On the other hand, the T. bryosalmonae burden decreased over time showing and the lowest parasite count was observed in the Tb+ group on 1 dpc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Similarly, Ly6/uPAR might be involved in M. cerebralis infection and fish-myxozoan interactions. During WD, uncontrolled inflammation augments tissue damage triggered by M. cerebralis , giving a possible means for Ly6/uPAR to enhance parasite entry and increase parasitic burden ( Saleh et al., 2019a ; 2020a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the annotated genes with known molecular functions were involved in the IFNγ signalling pathway. Several gene expression studies have also explored the mechanisms of host resistance to WD ( Rucker and El-Matbouli, 2007 ; Severin and El-Matbouli, 2007 ; Severin et al., 2010 ; Baerwald, 2013 ; Saleh et al., 2020a ; 2020b ). The results suggest that susceptible rainbow trout is unable to mount an efficient immune response upon the infection with M. cerebralis .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The myxozoans Myxobolus cerebralis and Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae modulate rainbow trout immune responses: quantitative shotgun proteomics at the portals of entry after single and co-infections

Saleh,

Hummel,

Schlosser

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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IntroductionLittle is known about the proteomic changes at the portals of entry in rainbow trout after infection with the myxozoan parasites, Myxobolus cerebralis, and Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. Whirling disease (WD) is a severe disease of salmonids, caused by the myxosporean M. cerebralis, while, proliferative kidney disease (PKD) is caused by T. bryosalmonae, which instead belongs to the class Malacosporea. Climate change is providing more suitable conditions for myxozoan parasites lifecycle, posing a high risk to salmonid aquaculture and contributing to the decline of wild trout populations in North America and Europe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide the first proteomic profiles of the host in the search for evasion strategies during single and coinfection with M. cerebralis and T. bryosalmonae.MethodsOne group of fish was initially infected with M. cerebralis and another group with T. bryosalmonae. After 30 days, half of the fish in each group were co-infected with the other parasite. Using a quantitative proteomic approach, we investigated proteomic changes in the caudal fins and gills of rainbow trout before and after co-infection.ResultsIn the caudal fins, 16 proteins were differentially regulated post exposure to M. cerebralis, whereas 27 proteins were differentially modulated in the gills of the infected rainbow trout post exposure to T. bryosalmonae. After co-infection, 4 proteins involved in parasite recognition and the regulation of host immune responses were differentially modulated between the groups in the caudal fin. In the gills, 11 proteins involved in parasite recognition and host immunity, including 4 myxozoan proteins predicted to be virulence factors, were differentially modulated.DiscussionThe results of this study increase our knowledge on rainbow trout co-infections by myxozoan parasites and rainbow trout immune responses against myxozoans at the portals of entry, supporting a better understanding of these host-parasite interactions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The myxozoans Myxobolus cerebralis and Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae modulate rainbow trout immune responses: quantitative shotgun proteomics at the portals of entry after single and co-infections

Saleh,

Hummel,

Schlosser

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Throughout the growth of Myxobolus in the skin of fish, it seems as though some of the parasites are killed, probably by a humoral response in the fish's skin. Indeed, susceptibility/ resistance to Myxobolus differs significantly between salmonid species (Saleh et al, 2020). Myxobolusis is the largest of the myxosporid genera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Expressions : Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in Gills of Cyprinus carpio Infected Myxobolus sp.

Maftuch

Wicaksosno

Nurin

et al. 2021

JIPK

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Highlight Research:It has been found that many fish died with wounds from farmers in Blitar, Indonesia.The mucosal smear test from mucosal gills of C. carpio infected with Myxobolus.In the blood smear test of C. carpio, there was no myxobolus found in the blood.In gill organ testing using SEM that Myxobolus is found in gills (C. carpio).The shape of Myxobolus resembles an imperfect ball with a hollow in the middle. AbstractThe biggest problem that is often considered to be an obstacle to Common carp culture is the emergence of disease attacks. One type of disease that often attacks the seeds of Cyprinus carpio is Myxobolus (a systemic parasite that can cause harm to fish farming). The aim of this study was to determine the molecular expression through the smear test on C. carpio gills, to determine the image of the gill organs of C. carpio using the SEM test, and to determine the description of the spores of Myxobolus sp. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods. Descriptive method used was comparative descriptive comparing molecular expression in the test of gill mucosal smear of fish using a light microscope and gill organ testing using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) on C. carpio infected by Myxobolus sp. In this study, the results showed that in C. carpio infected with true Myxobolus found the presence of Myxobolus in the mucosal smear test and SEM test on gill tissue, but not found in the blood smear test.

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Effects of dietary vitamin E on the growth performance, immunity and digestion of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ by physiology, pathology and RNA-seq

Shangguan

et al. 2023

Aquaculture

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Modulation of local and systemic immune responses in brown trout (Salmo trutta) following exposure to Myxobolus cerebralis

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

The myxozoans Myxobolus cerebralis and Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae modulate rainbow trout immune responses: quantitative shotgun proteomics at the portals of entry after single and co-infections

The myxozoans Myxobolus cerebralis and Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae modulate rainbow trout immune responses: quantitative shotgun proteomics at the portals of entry after single and co-infections

Molecular Expressions : Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in Gills of Cyprinus carpio Infected Myxobolus sp.

Effects of dietary vitamin E on the growth performance, immunity and digestion of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ by physiology, pathology and RNA-seq

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