Modulation of macrophage functions by sheeppox virus provides clues to understand interaction of the virus with host immune system

Abuelsaad, Abdelaziz S. A.; Abdel‐Moneim, Ahmed S.

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-2-22

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Among the tested cytokines, the expressions of TNFα, IL-15, and IL-10 were all significantly upregulated, suggesting that they may play an essential role in SPPV infections. A similar increase in IL-10 expression following SPPV infection in vivo has been reported ( 31 ). IL-10 is a critical anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted by monocytes following their infection with pathogens, and increased production of IL-10 following infection by other poxviruses has been previously reported ( 25 , 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Innate Immune Responses to Wildtype and Attenuated Sheeppox Virus Mediated Through RIG-1 Sensing in PBMC In-Vitro

et al. 2021

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Sheeppox (SPP) is a highly contagious disease of small ruminants caused by sheeppox virus (SPPV) and predominantly occurs in Asia and Africa with significant economic losses. SPPV is genetically and immunologically closely related to goatpox virus (GTPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which infect goats and cattle respectively. SPPV live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are used for vaccination against SPP and goatpox (GTP). Mechanisms related to innate immunity elicited by SPPV are unknown. Although adaptive immunity is responsible for long-term immunity, it is the innate responses that prevent viral invasion and replication before LAVs generate specific long-term protection. We analyzed the relative expression of thirteen selected genes that included pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Nuclear factor-κβ p65 (NF-κβ), and cytokines to understand better the interaction between SPPV and its host. The transcripts of targeted genes in sheep PBMC incubated with either wild type (WT) or LAV SPPV were analyzed using quantitative PCR. Among PRRs, we observed a significantly higher expression of RIG-1 in PBMC incubated with both WT and LAV, with the former producing the highest expression level. However, there was high inter-individual variability in cytokine transcripts levels among different donors, with the expression of TNFα, IL-15, and IL-10 all significantly higher in both PBMC infected with either WT or LAV compared to control PBMC. Correlation studies revealed a strong significant correlation between RIG-1 and IL-10, between TLR4, TNFα, and NF-κβ, between IL-18 and IL-15, and between NF-κβ and IL-10. There was also a significant negative correlation between RIG-1 and IFNγ, between TLR3 and IL-1 β, and between TLR4 and IL-15 (P< 0.05). This study identified RIG-1 as an important PRR in the signaling pathway of innate immune activation during SPPV infection, possibly through intermediate viral dsRNA. The role of immunomodulatory molecules produced by SPPV capable of inhibiting downstream signaling activation following RIG-1 upregulation is discussed. These findings advance our knowledge of the induction of immune responses by SPPV and will help develop safer and more potent vaccines against SPP and GTP.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Innate Immune Responses to Wildtype and Attenuated Sheeppox Virus Mediated Through RIG-1 Sensing in PBMC In-Vitro

et al. 2021

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“…Humoral response was found to be acceptable after using 10 4.0 TCID50 of RM65 SPP vaccine [ 40 ]. Interestingly, it was found that in spite of vaccination, the local immune evasion strategy adopted by capripoxviruses locally alleviates the host’s immune response to allow the virus to replicate at the site of entry [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Egypt during 2017-2018 among sheeppox vaccinated cattle: Epidemiological, pathological, and molecular findings

et al. 2021

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The General Organization of the Veterinary Services in Egypt has adopted a sheeppox vaccination policy to control lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle. Over the course of the last two years, recurrent outbreaks were reported, with animals showing severe clinical signs and consequentially higher fatalities than that of cases reported in previous LSD outbreaks. A total of 1050 cattle showing typical clinical signs suggestive of LSD were clinically and pathologically investigated during 2017–2018. Skin nodules were collected and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was screened in collected skin samples using PCR for the RPO-30 gene. Furthermore, the entire P32 protein coding gene was sequenced. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the skin nodules were also conducted. The obtained results showed an overall mortality rate of 6.86%. LSDV was confirmed in all the examined nodules as evidenced by immunohistochemistry and positive PCR amplification of the RPO30 gene. Sequencing analysis of the P32 gene revealed a highly conserved nature and genetic stability of the LSDV. The results of the present study show that the current vaccination protocol was not effective for a multitude of reasons. These results also serve as evidence for a strong recommendation of an amendment of homologous vaccine use aside from a complete coverage of cattle populations in order to reduce the incidence of LSD among cattle population in Egypt.

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Cytokine profile in lambs naturally infected with sheeppox virus

Karakurt,

Coskun,

Beytut

et al. 2023

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Modulation of macrophage functions by sheeppox virus provides clues to understand interaction of the virus with host immune system

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Innate Immune Responses to Wildtype and Attenuated Sheeppox Virus Mediated Through RIG-1 Sensing in PBMC In-Vitro

Innate Immune Responses to Wildtype and Attenuated Sheeppox Virus Mediated Through RIG-1 Sensing in PBMC In-Vitro

Lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Egypt during 2017-2018 among sheeppox vaccinated cattle: Epidemiological, pathological, and molecular findings

Cytokine profile in lambs naturally infected with sheeppox virus

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