Modulation of threat extinction by working memory load: An event-related potential study

Cheng, Yuhan; Jackson, T. Bryan; MacNamara, Annmarie

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104031

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 69 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Next, they were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Reappraisal ( n = 38; 23 females, 14 males, 1 non‐binary; M age = 18.58 years, SD = 1.18) or Savor ( n = 38; 21 females, 17 males; M age = 19.13 years, SD = 1.19). Following training in emotion regulation, participants performed an emotion regulation task interspersed with a WM task based on our prior work (Cheng et al, 2022; MacNamara et al, 2011, 2019; MacNamara & Proudfit, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on functional differences between early and late portions of the LPP (Hajcak et al, 2010; MacNamara et al, 2009; Schupp et al, 2006) and research indicating that the LPP is typically maximal at parietal sites early on during stimulus presentation and becomes more frontally distributed over time (Foti et al, 2009; Hajcak et al, 2010), the LPP was scored by averaging amplitudes separately between 500–2000 ms and 2000–4000 ms after picture onset, at (1) a fronto‐central pooling consisting of Fz, FC1, and FC2 (Langeslag & van Strien, 2013; Moser et al, 2014) and (2) a centro‐parietal pooling consisting of Pz, CP1, CP2 (Bauer et al, 2020; Cheng et al, 2022; MacNamara et al, 2011; MacNamara & Proudfit, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, they were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Reappraisal (n = 38; 23 females, 14 males, 1 non-binary; M age = 18.58 years, SD = 1.18) or Savor (n = 38; 21 females, 17 males; M age = 19.13 years, SD = 1.19). Following training in emotion regulation, participants performed an emotion regulation task interspersed with a WM task based on our prior work (Cheng et al, 2022;MacNamara et al, 2011MacNamara et al, , 2019MacNamara & Proudfit, 2014). 1 The following positive pictures were used from the IAPS: 1440IAPS: , 1460IAPS: , 1601IAPS: , 1604IAPS: , 1710IAPS: , 1721IAPS: , 2000IAPS: , 2034IAPS: , 2045IAPS: , 2060IAPS: , 2154IAPS: , 2160IAPS: , 2310IAPS: , 2332IAPS: , 2347IAPS: , 2550 The following positive pictures were used from Emotional Picture Set: 001, 005, 009, 010, 012, 014, 015, 019, 022, 026, 029, 033, 039, 043, 049, 057, 058, 060, 061, 062, 065, 067, 070, 073, 077, 332, 333.…”

Section: Overall Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FC2 (Langeslag & van Strien, 2013;Moser et al, 2014) and (2) a centro-parietal pooling consisting of Pz, CP1, CP2 (Bauer et al, 2020;Cheng et al, 2022;MacNamara et al, 2011;MacNamara & Proudfit, 2014).…”

Section: Eeg Recording and Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose to focus on reappraisal and savoring because of potential differences in the cognitive processes involved in each technique, and because these are the only two emotion regulation techniques that have been tested for up-regulating the LPP. Following random assignment to a "Reappraisal" or "Savor" group, participants performed an emotion regulation task interspersed with a WM task used in our prior work (Cheng et al, 2022;MacNamara et al, 2011MacNamara et al, , 2019MacNamara & Proudfit, 2014). On each trial, participants viewed two or six letters, prior to passively viewing or increasing positive emotion elicited by a positive picture; at the end of each trial, participants typed in the letters they had seen at the beginning of the trial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Positive emotion up‐regulation is resistant to working memory load: An electrocortical investigation of reappraisal and savoring

2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies of emotion regulation to‐date have mostly focused on negative emotion down‐regulation, leaving positive emotion up‐regulation poorly understood, particularly regarding factors that may modulate its success. While reappraisal and savoring have been shown to be effective at increasing electrocortical and subjective response to pictures in controlled laboratory settings, it remains unclear whether individuals can effectively enact these techniques to willfully increase positive emotions in everyday life when faced with other concurrent distractions/demands. Here, we used the late positive potential (LPP), an electrocortical measure that is larger for emotional compared to neutral stimuli, to assess the effect of working memory (WM) load on individuals' ability to reappraise or savor positive pictures. Seventy‐six participants were randomly assigned to use either reappraisal or savoring to up‐regulate positive emotion to pictures. Following training, participants engaged in a positive emotion up‐regulation task interspersed with high and low WM load trials, while EEG was recorded. Frequentist and Bayesian statistics showed that although high WM load seemed to consume resources and reduced picture processing overall, it did not interfere with the enhancement of the LPP via positive emotion up‐regulation. Nonetheless, WM performance (especially on high‐load trials) was worse when participants were engaged in positive emotion up‐regulation. Therefore, while both techniques appear to be effective under concurrent WM load, positive emotion up‐regulation may interfere with other ongoing tasks.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overall Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eeg Recording and Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Positive emotion up‐regulation is resistant to working memory load: An electrocortical investigation of reappraisal and savoring

2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Neurocognitive mechanisms of mental imagery-based disgust learning

Wang,

Shen,

Becker

et al. 2024

Behaviour Research and Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Late positive potential reveals sustained threat contingencies despite extinction in adolescents but not adults

Shner-Livne,

Barak,

Shitrit

et al. 2024

Psychol. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundMajor theories link threat learning processes to anxiety symptoms, which typically emerge during adolescence. While this developmental stage is marked by substantial maturation of the neural circuity involved in threat learning, research directly examining adolescence-specific patterns of neural responding during threat learning is scarce. This study compared adolescents and adults in acquisition and extinction of conditioned threat responses assessed at the cognitive, psychophysiological, and neural levels, focusing on the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential (ERP) component indexing emotional valence.MethodSixty-five adults and 63 adolescents completed threat acquisition and extinction, 24 h apart, using the bell conditioning paradigm. Self-reported fear, skin conductance responses (SCR), and ERPs were measured.ResultsDevelopmental differences emerged in neural and psychophysiological responses during threat acquisition, with adolescents displaying heightened LPP responses to threat and safety cues as well as heightened threat-specific SCR compared to adults. During extinction, SCR suggested comparable reduction in conditioned threat responses across groups, while LPP revealed incomplete extinction only among adolescents. Finally, age moderated the link between anxiety severity and LPP-assessed extinction, whereby greater anxiety severity was associated with reduced extinction among younger participants.ConclusionsIn line with developmental theories, adolescence is characterized by a specific age-related difficulty adapting to diminishing emotional significance of prior threats, contributing to heightened vulnerability to anxiety symptoms. Further, LPP appears to be sensitive to developmental differences in threat learning and may thus potentially serve as a useful biomarker in research on adolescents, threat learning, and anxiety.

show abstract

Modulation of threat extinction by working memory load: An event-related potential study

Cited by 5 publications

References 69 publications

Positive emotion up‐regulation is resistant to working memory load: An electrocortical investigation of reappraisal and savoring

Positive emotion up‐regulation is resistant to working memory load: An electrocortical investigation of reappraisal and savoring

Neurocognitive mechanisms of mental imagery-based disgust learning

Late positive potential reveals sustained threat contingencies despite extinction in adolescents but not adults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About