Modulatory Effect of Polyphenolic Compounds from the Mangrove Tree Rhizophora mangle L. on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet Obese Mice

Abstract

No scientific report proves the action of the phytochemicals from the mangrove tree Rhizophora mangle in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of the acetonic extract of R. mangle barks (AERM) on type 2 diabetes. The main chemical constituents of the extract were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and flow injection analysis electrospray-iontrap mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS). High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were used as model of type 2 diabetes associated with obesity. After 4 weeks of AERM 5 or 50 mg/kg/day orally, glucose homeostasis was evaluated by insulin tolerance test (kiTT). Hepatic steatosis, triglycerides and gene expression were also evaluated. AERM consists of catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acids derivatives. These metabolites have nutritional importance, obese mice treated with AERM (50 mg/kg) presented improvements in insulin resistance resulting in hepatic steatosis reductions associated with a strong inhibition of hepatic mRNA levels of CD36. The beneficial effects of AERM in an obesity model could be associated with its inhibitory α-amylase activity detected in vitro. Rhizophora mangle partially reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis associated with obesity, supporting previous claims in traditional knowledge.

New Advances in the Determination of Free and Bound Phenolic Compounds of Banana Passion Fruit Pulp (Passiflora tripartita, var. Mollissima (Kunth) L.H. Bailey) and Their In Vitro Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Capacities

“…Several peaks of the chromatogram showed a fragment ion at m/z 289, meaning that they were (epi)-catechin derivatives. Peaks 37 and 38, at m/z 435.1230, showed a loss of 146 uma (M-146), producing a fragment ion at m/z 289.1005, due to the loss of catechin monomer unit, and they were identified as catechin deoxyhexose isomers, according to de Souza Mesquita et al [38], who found the same compound in the mangrove tree. Peaks 19, 29 and 30, with molecular formula C 21 H 24 O 11 and m/z 451.1262, showed a fragment ion at m/z 289.0896, and they were attributed to catechin glucoside isomers.…”

Improvement in Menopause‐Associated Hepatic Lipid Metabolic Disorders by Herbal Formula HPC03 on Ovariectomized Rats

“…Many researchers have conducted experiments on plant extracts and single compound isolated from extracts using various NAFLD models. Among them, the plant extracts studied were as follows: the lemon balm extract ALS-L1023, Vitex Agnus-Castus L. (Verbenaceae), volatile oil, mulberry leaf, licorice root, Uncaria tomentosa , Rubus crataegifolius roots, Lycium barbarum , and white button mushroom (WBM) [ 32 ] [ 19 , 33 – 38 ]. Many single compound including flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, quinones, terpenes, coumarins, lignans, saponins, cardiac glycosides, phenolic acids, and amino acids have been shown to have considerable therapeutic effects on NAFLD [ 13 , 15 , 19 , 39 ].…”

“…There are an increasing number of studies currently focusing on herbal extracts and natural products, and many of these studies have found herbal products with the powerful effects of NAFLD [ 13 , 15 ]. Some herbal plants, such as Panax ginseng [ 12 ], Camellia oleifera [ 16 ], Gynostemma pentaphyllum [ 17 , 18 ], Rhizophora mangle L. [ 19 ], Syzygium simile [ 20 ], and elica gigas , have a potent effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver symptoms. In our previous study, HPC03 (mixture of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale Makino , and Cinnamomum cassia Presl ) was effective in treating osteoporosis with estrogen-like action.…”

Use of agro‐industrial residues as potent antioxidant, antiglycation agents, and α‐amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity

“…Lipase activity inhibition by extracts was determined by the quantification of 4‐nitrophenol released by the action of lipase (de Souza Mesquita et al, ). Lipase (10 mg/ml) from porcine pancreas type II (Sigma) was dissolved in 50 mM Tris–HCl buffer pH 8.0, and then centrifuged at 5,500 rpm for 5 min.…”