“…Against the backdrop of increasingly serious environmental pollution, electrolysis water hydrogen evolution technology, as an effective means of hydrogen production, can greatly reduce environmental pollution in the production process . To advance hydrogen production, it is critical to overcome challenges associated with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the electrochemical process. , Currently, ruthenium/iridium (Ru/Ir) oxides and platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are regarded as the benchmark catalysts for OER and HER. , However, using precious metal materials in commercial applications results in economic strain and risks cross-contamination between positive and negative electrode materials . Therefore, developing cost-effective bifunctional electrocatalysts that are efficient and stable holds considerable practical significance.…”