Molecular analyses unveil colouration patterns to detect hybridization between two of the most invasive peacock bass species (Cichliformes: Cichlidae)

Spatial population genetic structure of Caquetaia kraussii (Steindachner, 1878) evidenced by species-specific microsatellite loci in the middle and low basin of the Cauca River, Colombia

“…Brasiliensis [ 31 ], Apistogramma gephyra and Apistrogramma pertensis [ 32 ], Pterophyllum scalarae [ 33 ] and Cichla ocellaris var. kelberi [ 34 ].…”

“…brasiliensis (Ho: 0.532–0.556, He: 0.635–0.640, [ 31 ]), Apistogramma gephyra (Ho: 0.631–0.662, He: 0.633–0.669) and Apistrogramma pertensis (Ho: 0.664–0.742, He: 0.612–0.663; with heterologous loci of Apistogramma gephyra ) [ 32 ], Pterophyllum scalarae (Ho: 0.376–0.562, He: 0.512–0.568, [ 33 ]) and Cichla ocellaris var. kelberi (Ho: 0.538–0.733, He: 0.521–0.642, [ 34 ]). It is notable that the high diversity of C .…”

“…Brasiliensis [ 31 ], Apistogramma gephyra and Apistrogramma pertensis [ 32 ], Pterophyllum scalarae [ 33 ] and Cichla ocellaris var. kelberi [ 34 ], that exhibit moderated genetic diversity and spatial genetic structured populations. Contrastingly, rheophile species Gymnogeophagus setequedas exhibited high genetic diversity and absence of spatial genetic structure when analyzed with the heterologous microsatellite loci developed for Geophagus brasiliensis [ 35 ].…”

“…The impact of hydroelectric plants on cichlids in neotropical environments is poorly documented and fish responses appear to depend on their life history [ 35 ], the duration of fragmentation [ 31 ], and potential impacts resulting from hybridization between invasive or introduced species [ 34 ]. For example, Gymnogeophagus setequedas , an endangered cichlid that seems to prefer fast waters, was reported to have disappeared after the construction of the Itaipu reservoir [ 51 ].…”

“…Recent evidence of hybridization between two introduced species in a reservoir ( Cichla ocellaris var. kelberi and Cichla piquiti ) and the high genetic diversity found using microsatellite loci raises concerns about its indication of a possible increase in local adaptability that could enhance establishment success in novel areas [ 34 ].…”