Molecular analysis of hepatitis E virus from farm rabbits in Inner Mongolia, China and its successful propagation in A549 and PLC/PRF/5 cells

Jirintai, Suljid; Jinshan,; Tanggis,; Manglai, Dugarjavin; Mulyanto, Mulyanto; Takahashi, Masaharu; Nagashima, Shigeo; Kobayashi, Tominari; Nishizawa, Tsutomu; Okamoto, Hiroaki

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2012.09.015

Cited by 43 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Genotype 4 HEV was dominant in China [52] and sHEV-4 used in this study could infect rabbit and cause severe hepatitis in our preexperiment, thus this study selected these two particular strains of HEV. In addition, the range of HEV RNA titers in samples of rabbits from natural environment and in our laboratory settings were 10 2 -10 5 copies/ml [57] and 10 3 -10 6 copies/ml (our data unpublished), respectively. The viral loads of HEV reported for human shedding were 10 2 -10 6 copies/ml in general [58,59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Hepatitis E vaccine immunization for rabbits to prevent animal HEV infection and zoonotic transmission

Zhang

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has become a significant global public health concern as increasing cases of acute and chronic hepatitis E are reported. HEV of animal origin was proved to be a possible source of human infection and a previous study showed that the recent licensed HEV 239 vaccine can serve as a candidate vaccine to manage animal sources of HEV infection. However, previous immunization strategy for rabbits was the same as that for human, which is too costly to conduct large-scale animal vaccination. In an effort to reduce the costs, three vaccination schemes were assessed in the present study. Forty specific pathogen-free (SPF) rabbits were divided randomly into five groups with eight animals for each and inoculated intramuscularly with different doses of HEV 239 and placebo, respectively. All animals were challenged intravenously with swine HEV-4 and rabbit HEV of different titers 7 weeks after the initial immunization and then fecal virus excretion was monitored for 10 weeks. The results indicated that immunizing rabbits with two 10μg doses of the vaccine is superior to vaccination with two 20μg doses or a single 30μg dose, which can protect rabbits against homologous and heterologous HEV infection. These findings could enable implementation of large-scale animal vaccination to prevent rabbit HEV infection and zoonotic transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Hepatitis E vaccine immunization for rabbits to prevent animal HEV infection and zoonotic transmission

Zhang

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2015

Vaccine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also for this species studies are limited. The existing data concern mostly the presence of HEV in farmed and wild rabbits in several geographic areas of China (Zhao et al 2009), in USA (Cossaboom et al 2011), and more recently in Mongolia and France (Izopet et al 2012;Jirintai et al 2012). In France, HEV RNA was detected in 23 % (47/205) of liver samples from wild rabbit although the host species was not reported (Izopet et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Investigation on the Presence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Wild Game in North-Western Italy

et al. 2015

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Meat products from HEV-infected reservoir animal species are capable of transmitting HEV to humans and represent a public health concern. Human HEV cases have been linked to the consumption of raw or undercooked pig liver sausages, pork, and game meats, such as wild boars and deer worldwide. Direct exposure to swine or wild game species might also represent a source of HEV transmission especially for veterinarians, hunters, or butchers. A limited amount of data is available on HEV prevalence in wild boars in Italy and no data are available for other wild game species intended for human consumption. In this study, the circulation of HEV in four different animal species hunted in north-western Italy was evaluated to gain insight into the infection levels and the genetic diversity of the virus in such animal populations. Liver samples of 372 wild boars, 30 roe deer, 47 European hares and 38 coypus were analyzed for HEV RNA by real-time RT-PCR; positive samples were then sequenced and submitted to phylogenetic analysis. HEV RNA was detected in the livers of 7/372 (1.9%) wild boars tested, while no sample was positive for roe deer, European hare, and coypu. Phylogenetic analysis showed that wild boar HEV sequences belonged to HEV subtypes 3e, 3c, and 3f. Our results indicate that HEV is circulating only in wild boar among the considered game species in north-western Italy and suggest a potential zoonotic risk related to handling and/or consumption of raw or undercooked meat and products made of the liver from this species.

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“…The known animal reservoirs of HEV continue to multiply; novel members of the Hepeviridae have been detected in wild and farmed rabbits, wild rats, birds, bats, and trout (13,15,(88)(89)(90)(91)(92)(93)(94)(95)(96)(97)(98)(99)(100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106). Of these, only rabbit HEV strains have been shown to share a close phylogenetic relationship and possess antigenic similarity to human-and swine-associated HEV strains.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Patterns Of Hepatitis E Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, rabbit HEV strains can infect pigs and macaques (213,214), and they can replicate in two human cancer cell lines (96), suggesting the ability to adapt to other mammalian hosts. A study in China found no evidence of natural crossspecies infection with rabbit HEV (93).…”

Section: Scope and Duration Of Protective Immunity To Hev Following Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

2014

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SUMMARY Hepatitis E virus (HEV), identified over 30 years ago, remains a serious threat to life, health, and productivity in developing countries where access to clean water is limited. Recognition that HEV also circulates as a zoonotic and food-borne pathogen in developed countries is more recent. Even without treatment, most cases of HEV-related acute viral hepatitis (with or without jaundice) resolve within 1 to 2 months. However, HEV sometimes leads to acute liver failure, chronic infection, or extrahepatic symptoms. The mechanisms of pathogenesis appear to be substantially immune mediated. This review covers the epidemiology of HEV infection worldwide, the humoral and cellular immune responses to HEV, and the persistence and protection of antibodies produced in response to both natural infection and vaccines. We focus on the contributions of altered immune states (associated with pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and immunosuppressive agents used in cancer and transplant medicine) to the elevated risks of chronic infection (in immunosuppressed/immunocompromised patients) and acute liver failure and mortality (among pregnant women). We conclude by discussing outstanding questions about the immune response to HEV and interactions with hormones and comorbid conditions. These questions take on heightened importance now that a vaccine is available.

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Molecular analysis of hepatitis E virus from farm rabbits in Inner Mongolia, China and its successful propagation in A549 and PLC/PRF/5 cells

Cited by 43 publications

References 56 publications

Hepatitis E vaccine immunization for rabbits to prevent animal HEV infection and zoonotic transmission

Hepatitis E vaccine immunization for rabbits to prevent animal HEV infection and zoonotic transmission

Molecular Investigation on the Presence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Wild Game in North-Western Italy

Host Immune Status and Response to Hepatitis E Virus Infection

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