Molecular anatomy of an endodermal gland: Investigations on mucus glycoproteins and cell turnover in Brunner's glands of didelphis verginiana using lectins and PCNA immunoreactivity

Schumacher, Udo; Krause, William J.

doi:10.1002/jcb.240580108

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, in a few species the distribution and morphology of the Brunner's glands deviated from the general pattern. In the South American opossum, as has also been reported for Didelphis virginia (Schumacher and Krause, 1995), the Brunner's glands were confined to a very narrow region, immediately distal to the pyloric sphincter. In comparison with the other mammals examined, the secretory units of Brunner's glands in the raccoon were more dilated and lined with flatter cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Histochemical similarities of mucins produced by Brunner's glands and pyloric glands: A comparative study

et al. 2004

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Mucins of the gastroduodenal junction are secreted by the mucous surface and mucusproducing glandular cells in the stomach, and by goblet cells and Brunner's glands in the duodenum. Developmental studies have demonstrated that Brunner's glands can arise from undifferentiated gastric epithelium and/or intestinal epithelium in the proximal duodenum. The aim of this study was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of mucins from this region and compare it with that of mucins from Brunner's glands to evaluate the probable evolution of mucins from these glands. Toward that end, paraffin sections from 13 mammalian species were stained by classic carbohydrate histochemistry and treated with 13 lectins. In general, the mucous surface cells of the stomach, pyloric glands, duodenal goblet cells, and Brunner's glands secretory epithelium had different lectin-binding patterns. However, the lectin-binding profile of the secretory epithelium of Brunner's glands resembled that of pyloric glands more closely than that of duodenal goblet cells and mucous surface cells of the stomach. Mucins from Brunner's glands and pyloric glands showed a greater terminal carbohydrate residue diversity than those of gastric mucous surface cells or duodenal goblet cells. The lectin-binding profile argues for the evolution of similar mucins from the epithelia of Brunner's glands and pyloric glands. The greater diversity of carbohydrate residues in mucins secreted by Brunner's glands suggests that their mucus is more adaptable. This may explain why Brunner's glands metaplasia rather than goblet cell metaplasia is seen in the mucosa adjacent to chronic intestinal ulcers. Anat Rec Part A 278A:540 -550, 2004. Key words: Brunner's glands; carbohydrate histochemistry; comparative anatomy; gastroduodenal junction; histogenesis; lectin; mucinThe epithelial cells that line the gastrointestinal tract of mammals are protected in part from the somewhat harsh environment of acid, proteolytic enzymes, and abrasives in the lumen by a mucus layer. In the stomach the mucus layer, which is several microns thick, is secreted by both the epithelium lining the gastric mucosa and mucus-producing cells of the gastric glands, while in the duodenum it is secreted by goblet cells and Brunner's glands, which are located in the submucosa. Mucus is a highly hydrated gel that consists of about 95% water, 5% mucins, and minor components, such as electrolytes (Allen, 1981;Neutra and Forstner, 1987). Mucins are high-molecularweight glycoproteins that have gel-forming properties which are highly glycosylated and which in turn are responsible for their protective function.A particular morphological feature of the duodenal submucosa is the presence of Brunner's glands. Brunner's glands are specific to mammals and have been observed in all mammals examined to date (Krause, 1988). They are

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Histochemical similarities of mucins produced by Brunner's glands and pyloric glands: A comparative study

et al. 2004

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“…The dot-blot system hence only detected PAS-and AB-positive glycoproteins. Furthermore, PAS staining of SDS gels showed that PAS-positive material in the perfusate had either a molecular mass of Ͼ600 kDa or Ͻ60 kDa, consistent with previous studies (35,37) in which PAS-stained PAGE of crude or gel-purified mucins revealed bands that barely penetrated the gel. Mucins are the only very high-molecular-mass (Ͼ600 kDa) glycoproteins that are likely to be present in an intestinal perfusate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…High and low molecular markers from Pharmacia (Piscataway, NJ) were used. Gels were stained with Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 (CBB; Bio-Rad) or PAS, as described previously (17,35,37).…”

Section: Perfusate Glycoprotein Concentration Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic regulation of mucus gel thickness in rat duodenum

Akiba¹,

Guth²,

Engel³

et al. 2000

Gastroenterology

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“…In addition to reducing the gastric acidity when released in the duodenal lumen, EGF is thought to play an important role in accelerating the turnover of epithelial cells in the intestinal coating (Schumacher & Krause, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Study of Brunner's Glands in the Human Duodenal Submucosa

Macéa

Macea²,

Fregnani

2006

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:The existence of Brunner's glands (BGs) in the duodenal submucosa is uncontestable, but their exact distribution along the full extent of the duodenal wall is unknown. Objective: To verify the BGs distribution along the human duodenum. Material and method: Twenty normal duodenums were examined. Two samples were removed from each of the four anatomical portions of the duodenum using a scalpel, in such a way that the whole circumference of each portion was excised. Sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Twelve microscope fields were examined on each duodenal section. The mean numbers of glandular points per field were computed and compared, for the 12 microscope fields of each duodenal section examined. Results: The first duodenal portion presented large quantities of BGs in all of the fields examined. The second duodenal portion also showed the presence of BGs in all the fields examined, albeit in smaller quantities than in the first portion. In the third duodenal portion, BGs were present in six of the duodenums examined. In the fourth duodenal portion, there was a minimal quantity of glands, all located in only ten of the duodenums studied. Conclusions: BGs are present in the submucosa of all duodenal portions, with the greatest concentration in the first portion. Their concentration decreases significantly in the second portion of the duodenum. Furthermore, they become even fewer in number in the third portion and are minimally present in the fourth portion. 8 removed from 20 fresh adult cadavers, of both sexes, during the course of necropsies carried out in the Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo. None of these cadavers presented any illness that might compromise the morphological integrity of the digestive system, as indicated through analysis of the clinical records and confirmed by the necropsy. After removal, each duodenum was immediately immersed in 10% formalin and taken to the Department of Morphology, where it was subsequently cut open and washed with running water. After complete inspection of the duodenal mucosa, which needed to be whole, small duodenal wall samples were removed with a scalpel (2 cm). The samples were obtained from each of the four anatomical portions of the duodenum (superior, descending, horizontal and ascending), in such a way that a segment encompassing the entire circumference of each duodenal portion was sampled. Each segment removed was then put back into 10% formalin, where it remained for 24 hours. The segments were then embedded in paraffin blocks. Following this, sections of five micrometers in thickness were cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The BGs were analyzed quantitatively by means of the point counting technique, using a screen of 176 equidistant points, projected via a monitor showing the field to be quantified. Each sample was examined under 400x magnification. Twelve microscope fields were examined on every representative slide of each duodenal portion and underwent morphometric study t...

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Molecular anatomy of an endodermal gland: Investigations on mucus glycoproteins and cell turnover in Brunner's glands of didelphis verginiana using lectins and PCNA immunoreactivity

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Histochemical similarities of mucins produced by Brunner's glands and pyloric glands: A comparative study

Histochemical similarities of mucins produced by Brunner's glands and pyloric glands: A comparative study

Dynamic regulation of mucus gel thickness in rat duodenum

Quantitative Study of Brunner's Glands in the Human Duodenal Submucosa

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