Molecular and Electron Microscope Evidence for an Association of Phytoplasma with Sesame Phyllody in Egypt

M.El-Banna, Om-Hashem; Mikhail, M. S.; El-Attar, Ahmed K.; Aljamali, Ahmed

doi:10.21608/ejp.2013.96882

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Electron microscopic examination of the infected sesame plants revealed the presence of pleomorphic phytoplasma units linked to the SE's plasma membrane, which consume the cell membrane's sterols to meet their energy needs for growth and division [49,50]. Phytoplasma units were observed at various concentrations in different phloem cells, and this has been related to symptom severity in agreement with Kesumawati et al [51] and El-Banna et al [27]. In contrast, Kaminiska et al [52] reported no correlation between the number of phytoplasma units and the severity of rose phyllody symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Our findings reveal that phytoplasma-infected sesame plants exhibit a wide range of symptoms, as mentioned in Figure 1. These symptoms have been described by El-Banna et al [20] and Youssef et al [9] in Egypt and other many countries, including Paraguay [37], Turkey [38], Pakistan [19], and India [39]. Historically, phytoplasma diagnosis and phylogenetics have been based on the 16S rRNA gene because of the availability of universal primers for this region [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytoplasmas have been detected as pathogens in sesame plants in many parts of the world. As an obligate plant pathogen, the phytoplasma's pathogenicity in sesame involves various symptoms, as previously described by Youssef et al [9], Akhtar et al [19], and El-Banna et al [20]. Phytoplasmas harm infected plants by affecting various physio-biochemical and metabolic processes [21] and altering genetic expression [22], with the biosynthesis and accumulation of carbohydrates being the most highly affected processes [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Due to the difficulty of culturing on artificial media under in vitro conditions, the phytoplasma's detection and identification methods and ecological studies are still restricted. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been carried out to detect phytoplasmas [18,26,27]. Over the last ten years, molecular DNA-based techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis have been used to characterize and differentiate phytoplasma strains by amplifying the highly conserved gene coding in the dispersed regions of the 16S rRNA [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Phytoplasma Associated with Sesame Phyllody on Ultrastructural Modification, Physio-Biochemical Traits, Productivity and Oil Quality

Ahmed

Farrag

Kheder

et al. 2022

Plants

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Phytoplasmas are obligate cell-wall-less plant pathogenic bacteria that infect many economically important crops, causing considerable yield losses worldwide. Very little information is known about phytoplasma–host plant interaction mechanisms and their influence on sesame yield and oil quality. Therefore, our aim was to explore the ultrastructural and agro-physio-biochemical responses of sesame plants and their effects on sesame productivity and oil quality in response to phytoplasma infection. Sesame leaf samples exhibiting phyllody symptoms were collected from three experimental fields during the 2021 growing season. Phytoplasma was successfully detected by nested- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using the universal primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2, and the product of approximately 1200 bp was amplified. The amplified product of 16S rRNA was sequenced and compared with other available phytoplasma’s 16S rRNA in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that our Egyptian isolate under accession number MW945416 is closely related to the 16SrII group and showed close (99.7%) identity with MH011394 and L33765.1, which were isolated from Egypt and the USA, respectively. The microscopic examination of phytoplasma-infected plants revealed an observable deterioration in tissue and cell ultrastructure. The primary and secondary metabolites considerably increased in infected plants compared with healthy ones. Moreover, phytoplasma-infected plants showed drastically reduced water content, chlorophyll content, growth, and yield components, resulting in 37.9% and 42.5% reductions in seed and oil yield, respectively. The peroxide value of the infected plant’s oil was 43.2% higher than that of healthy ones, suggesting a short shelf-life. Our findings will provide a better understanding of the phyllody disease pathosystem, helping us to develop effective strategies for overcoming such diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Phytoplasma Associated with Sesame Phyllody on Ultrastructural Modification, Physio-Biochemical Traits, Productivity and Oil Quality

Ahmed

Farrag

Kheder

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…For the ultrathin section of virus-infected tissues: the healthy and infected sweet potato leaves (cultivar 195) with SPFMV and SPVG were examined as sections including the midrib and leaf tissue from the two sides were cut with a razor blade, then fixed overnight in cold 2.5% glutaraldehyde prepared in 0.1M potassium phosphate buffer (PH 7.4) and postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide (OSO4) in the same buffer for 3 hr. After staining overnight the samples were dehydrated according to Sivparsad & Gubba (2013), El-Banna et al (2013 and Sun et al (2019). The stained sections were examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM Joel-1400) at the candidate magnification.…”

Section: Histo-cytopathological Studies By Transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on the Prevalence of Two Sweet Potato Viruses and their Potential Weed Reservoirs in Egypt

et al. 2020

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G LOBALLY, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., family Convolvulaceae), is an important vegetable crop, unluckily, the viral infection induces a significant yield loss. The current study aims to identify the viruses infecting sweet potato in Egypt and highlights the role of the interfacing weeds as viruses reservoir. The study covered both of transmission, host range, inclusion bodies, virus morphology, histopathology, serological diagnosis, genome identification using RT-PCR and multiplex RT-PCR. The results revealed that the potyviruses sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and sweet potato virus G (SPVG) are the most devastating viruses affecting sweet potato in Egypt. Coinfection with of both viruses was the common feature in both of sweet potato and its interfacing weeds. A wider host range in families Convolvulaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Euphorbiaceae, was detected. The infection symptoms on sweet potato were comparable to that detected in the interfaced weeds. The infection-incidence in perennial Convolvulaceae and Tiliaceae weed-species showed 100% virus incidence. The characteristic amorphous inclusion bodies for the detected viruses and the cytopathological alterations on the host cells were observed under Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The nucleotide sequences of the partial coat protein gene of the detected viruses were compared to the isolate available in GenBank. This work recommends the importance of weed interfacing crops as virus reservoir, and in light, the importance of multidisciplinary research work to resolve the virus problems threats in potential crops. Identifying viruses and their incidence increase the efficiency of the management strategies to control the virus spread.

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Effect of the Phytoplasma on Anatomical Characteristics of Sesame

El-Aziz

2023

Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology

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Many economically important crops are infected with phytoplasmas, which are obligatory bacteria that do not contain a cell wall and cause great losses in crops around the world. Little information is known about the mechanisms of phytoplasma interaction with the host plants including sesame , especially on the quantity and quality of seeds' oil. Therefore, to study the effect of phytoplasma on the anatomical structure of different plant organs, , especially the capsules that contain oil-producing seeds. Samples were collected from the healthy and infected plants, which showed symptoms of phyllody, and cross sections were made in the stem, leaf and capsule. Results indicated that the thickness of the stem as well as the leaf was increased, mainly due to the increase in proportions of the vascular bundles. In the capsule, on the other hand, the pericarp shrank, the false septum dissolved in the ovary, and leaves formed instead of seeds inside the capsule. The obtained results provide a better insight on the effect of phytoplasmaon the anatomical structure of the host plant, for exploring effective ways to control the disease.

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Molecular and Electron Microscope Evidence for an Association of Phytoplasma with Sesame Phyllody in Egypt

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Phytoplasma Associated with Sesame Phyllody on Ultrastructural Modification, Physio-Biochemical Traits, Productivity and Oil Quality

Effect of Phytoplasma Associated with Sesame Phyllody on Ultrastructural Modification, Physio-Biochemical Traits, Productivity and Oil Quality

Investigations on the Prevalence of Two Sweet Potato Viruses and their Potential Weed Reservoirs in Egypt

Effect of the Phytoplasma on Anatomical Characteristics of Sesame

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