Molecular and Epidemiological overview on Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H9N2 in Egypt between 2015 and 2016

Adel, Amany; Mady, Wesam; Mosad, Zienab; Amer, Fatema; Shaaban, Asmaa; Said, Dalia G.; Maged, Marwa Ali Abdel; Arafa, Abdel Satar; Morsi, Mohamed Kamal; Hassan, Mohamed Khalifa

doi:10.17582/journal.hv/2019/6.2.30.41

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A switch from glutamine to leucine in position 226 (Q226L) is associated with increased mammalian-like terminal sialic acid affinity [ 27 ]. The NA in all sequenced isolates revealed no markers of oseltamivir antiviral resistance and harbor 119E, 198D, 222I, 274H, and 292R, as reported in previously described Egyptian LPAI H9N2 viruses [ 28 ]. Molecular screenings of PB2 , PB1 , PA , M , and NS discloses the avian-like profile.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Genetic Variations among Different Variants of G1-like Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses and Their Pathogenicity in Chickens

Adel

Abdelmagid

Mohamed

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Since it was first discovered, the low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 subtype has established linages infecting the poultry population globally and has become one of the most prevalent influenza subtypes in domestic poultry. Several different variants and genotypes of LPAI H9N2 viruses have been reported in Egypt, but little is known about their pathogenicity and how they have evolved. In this study, four different Egyptian LPAI H9N2 viruses were genetically and antigenically characterized and compared to representative H9N2 viruses from G1 lineage. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of three genetically distinct Egyptian LPAI H9N2 viruses was assessed by experimental infection in chickens. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the H9N2 virus of the Egy-2 G1-B lineage (pigeon-like) has become the dominant circulating H9N2 genotype in Egypt since 2016. Considerable variation in virus shedding at day 7 post-infections was detected in infected chickens, but no significant difference in pathogenicity was found between the infected groups. The rapid spread and emergence of new genotypes of the influenza viruses pinpoint the importance of continuous surveillance for the detection of novel reassortant viruses, as well as monitoring the viral evolution.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Genetic Variations among Different Variants of G1-like Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses and Their Pathogenicity in Chickens

Adel

Abdelmagid

Mohamed

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…No positive H5N1 viruses were reported in the surveyed flocks during our active surveillance which proves a little further circulation of HPAI H5N1 in the poultry population in Egypt during 2023 as in accordance with previous reports of [12,25]. While the prevalence rate of HPAIV H5N8 in our study was 28.3% from vaccinated broilers and layers chickens which is nearby the previously detected results of [13,21,23,26,27]. Whereas Salaheldin et al [28] detected the H5N8 viral infection by QrRT-PCR with higher prevalence rate of 45.1% in vaccinated chicken flocks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological Disclosing and Molecular Subtyping for the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses H5N8 in Commercial Broilers and Layer Chickens in some Egyptian Governorates

Amer,

Ahmed,

Hassan

et al. 2024

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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IGHLY pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N8 is a serious and fatal respiratory viral disease with an increase in the series of outbreaks in poultry field since its first emergence in Egypt from 2016 till now. Oral and cloacal swabs pool were collected from Sixty domestic poultry flocks of commercial broilers and layer chickens in four Egyptian governorates during 2023 that suffered from classic clinical disease of HPAIV with various mortalities reached 70% during the surveillance period. Molecular analysis was employed to analyze HPAIV subtypes H5 and NA (N1 and N8) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and further partial hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequencing was carried out also to four positive representative isolates. The results initially revealed the negativity of all tested samples to H5N1 subtype, while H5N8 genome was predominantly positive in 17 out of the 60 examined flocks with prevalence rate 28.3%. Furthermore, the sequencing and phylogenetic tools indicated that our H5N8 isolates were in a close proximity to the clade 2.3.4.4b with the characteristic amino acid motif (PLREKRRKR/GLF) in the HA gene cleavage site which is representative for pathogenic AIV strains. This study concluded the prevalence and predominance of HPAIV H5N8 in the domestic poultry farms in Egypt even in immunized flocks with the strict need of regular monitoring and active surveillances to those circulated strains as well as re-evaluation of the prevention and control protocols and also the vaccination efficacy assessment to overcome such endemic disease.

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“…Inactivated H9N2 AI vaccines have been used commercially in Egypt since 2012 ( Eladl et al, 2019a ). As previously reported, the H9N2 virus in Egypt has showed substantial genetic and antigenic evolution, which may have an effect on vaccine efficacy ( Adel et al, 2017 ; Kandeil et al, 2017 ; Adel et al, 2019 ). As a result, natural immune stimulants are required to increase the effectiveness of vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The influence of Spirulina extract on pathogenicity, immune response, and vaccine efficacy against H9N2 avian influenza virus in specific pathogen free chickens

Yehia,

Mohamed,

Al-Zaban

et al. 2024

Poultry Science

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Molecular and Epidemiological overview on Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H9N2 in Egypt between 2015 and 2016

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic Variations among Different Variants of G1-like Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses and Their Pathogenicity in Chickens

Genetic Variations among Different Variants of G1-like Avian Influenza H9N2 Viruses and Their Pathogenicity in Chickens

Epidemiological Disclosing and Molecular Subtyping for the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses H5N8 in Commercial Broilers and Layer Chickens in some Egyptian Governorates

The influence of Spirulina extract on pathogenicity, immune response, and vaccine efficacy against H9N2 avian influenza virus in specific pathogen free chickens

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