Molecular and genealogical analysis of grain dormancy in Japanese wheat varieties, with specific focus on <i>MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1</i> on chromosome 3A

Abstract

In the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar ‘Zenkoujikomugi’, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter of MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 on chromosome 3A (MFT-3A) causes an increase in the level of gene expression, resulting in strong grain dormancy. We used a DNA marker to detect the ‘Zenkoujikomugi’-type (Zen-type) SNP and examined the genotype of MFT-3A in Japanese wheat varieties, and we found that 169 of 324 varieties carry the Zen-type SNP. In Japanese commercial varieties, the frequency of the Zen-type SNP was remarkably high in the southern part of Japan, but low in the northern part. To examine the relationship between MFT-3A genotype and grain dormancy, we performed a germination assay in three wheat-growing seasons. On average, the varieties carrying the Zen-type SNP showed stronger grain dormancy than the varieties carrying the non-Zen-type SNP. Among commercial cultivars, ‘Iwainodaichi’ (Kyushu), ‘Junreikomugi’ (Kinki-Chugoku-Shikoku), ‘Kinuhime’ (Kanto-Tokai), ‘Nebarigoshi’ (Tohoku-Hokuriku), and ‘Kitamoe’ (Hokkaido) showed the strongest grain dormancy in each geographical group, and all these varieties, except for ‘Kitamoe’, were found to carry the Zen-type SNP. In recent years, the number of varieties carrying the Zen-type SNP has increased in the Tohoku-Hokuriku region, but not in the Hokkaido region.

Plant hormone profiling in developing seeds of common wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)

“…3B, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P = 0.72). Nakamura et al (2011) demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) types of TaMFT-3A in the seven varieties showed good agreement with the order of the dormancy phenotypes: HAL, CS, AUS, and KITA have non-Zen type (nondormant) and TAMA, ZK, and OW have Zen type (dormant) (Chono et al 2015 and Supplemental Table 3). These SNP types in MFT-3A can well explain the ABA sensitivity difference among these seven cultivars.…”

“…R-1 genotypes of lines in this study were investigated as described by Himi et al (2011). Genotypes of Vp-1B, TaSdr-B1, MKK3, and MFT-3A, which were reported to affect PHS susceptibility, were examined according to earlier reports (Chono et al 2015, Shorinola et al 2017, Yang et al 2007, Zhang et al 2014.…”

Flavonoid compounds related to seed coat color of wheat

“…Collected seeds were stored at −20°C until use. Mature wheat seeds from a collection of 324 varieties previously described 19) were also used for DMACA staining.…”

Genealogical Analysis of the North-American Spring Wheat Varieties with Different Resistance to Pre-harvest Sprouting

“…It is assumed that the original ancestors are unrelated and characterise the genetic diversity of a set of varieties. Genealogical analysis provides estimates correlated with estimates based on marker genes (Souza and Sorrells, 1991;Cox et al 1995;Martynov et al, 2003, Chono et al, 2015. This paper presents the results of comparative analysis of genetic diversity of North-American spring wheat varieties in relation to their resistance to PHS.…”

“…This is one of the most important limiting factors influencing the production of high quality grain. Pre-harvest sprouting occurs in almost all wheat growing regions (Dobrotvorskaya and Martynov, 2013;Chono et al, 2015). Resistance to PHS is based on seed dormancy, i.e.…”