Molecular and Genomic Data Identify the Closest Living Relative of Primates

Janečka, Jan E.; Miller, Webb; Pringle, Thomas H.; Wiens, Frank; Zitzmann, Annette; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Springer, Mark S.; Murphy, William J.

doi:10.1126/science.1147555

Cited by 284 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…S2). This result helped to clarify potential controversy regarding the phylogenetic position of tree shrew within eutherian mammals reconstructed on the basis of mitochondrial DNA genome 11 , genome-wide comparative chromosome map 10 and multilocus nuclear sequences 12,13 . It should be mentioned that we observed an unexpected deep split between our tree shrew and the one sequenced by the Broad Institute ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Analyses of the mitochondrial genome showed that the tree shrew had a closer relationship to Lagomorpha than to Dermoptera or primates, 11 and molecular cytogenetic data supported a Scandentia-Dermoptera sister clade 10 . However, available evidence from multiple nuclear genes suggests a closer affinity of tree shrews and primates (including human) 12,13 . In a recent study by Hallström et al 14 based on 3,000 genes for phylogenetic analysis, tree shrew was grouped with Glires (including Rodentia and Lagomorpha), suggesting a closer affinity of tree shrew with mouse or rabbits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome of the Chinese tree shrew

et al. 2013

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Chinese tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) possess many features valuable in animals used as experimental models in biomedical research. Currently, there are numerous attempts to employ tree shrews as models for a variety of human disorders: depression, myopia, hepatitis B and C virus infections, and hepatocellular carcinoma, to name a few. Here we present a publicly available annotated genome sequence for the Chinese tree shrew. Phylogenomic analysis of the tree shrew and other mammalians highly support its close affinity to primates. By characterizing key factors and signalling pathways in nervous and immune systems, we demonstrate that tree shrews possess both shared common and unique features, and provide a genetic basis for the use of this animal as a potential model for biomedical research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome of the Chinese tree shrew

et al. 2013

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“…All molecularly based estimates for primate origins fall in the late Cretaceous (83.3-70.6 Ma) and those for the haplorhine-strepsirrhine split and anthropoid-tarsier split are older than ∼56 Ma (115)(116)(117)(118). In contrast, the oldest known fossil evidence for a "primate of modern aspect" is early Eocene (∼55.8 Ma) or late Paleocene if Altiatlasius is a euprimate.…”

Section: Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 98%

New perspectives on anthropoid origins

Williams

Kay

Kirk

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

117

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Adaptive shifts associated with human origins are brought to light as we examine the human fossil record and study our own genome and that of our closest ape relatives. However, the more ancient roots of many human characteristics are revealed through the study of a broader array of living anthropoids and the increasingly dense fossil record of the earliest anthropoid radiations. Genomic data and fossils of early primates in Asia and Africa clarify relationships among the major clades of primates. Progress in comparative anatomy, genomics, and molecular biology point to key changes in sensory ecology and brain organization that ultimately set the stage for the emergence of the human lineage.primate | Haplorhini | Strepsirrhini | human evolution | phylogeny

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“…He interpreted the enlargement as a derived haplorhine feature. Other pieces of evidence suggesting that a reduced ICA is primitive for Euprimates include 1) the frequent reduction in this canal exhibited by plesiadapiform stemprimates (Gingerich, 1976;MacPhee et al, 1983;Kay et al, 1992;Boyer et al, 2012) and 2) the reduction exhibited by cynocephalid dermopterans (Table 1) (Wible, 1993) that some analyses suggest are more closely related to Euprimates than are treeshrews (Beard, 1993;Bloch et al, 2007;Janecka et al, 2007;O'Leary et al, 2013).…”

Section: What Was the Pattern Of Ica Evolution In Early Primates?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal carotid arterial canal size and scaling in Euarchonta: Re-assessing implications for arterial patency and phylogenetic relationships in early fossil primates

Boyer

Kirk

Silcox

et al. 2016

Journal of Human Evolution

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a b s t r a c tPrimate species typically differ from other mammals in having bony canals that enclose the branches of the internal carotid artery (ICA) as they pass through the middle ear. The presence and relative size of these canals varies among major primate clades. As a result, differences in the anatomy of the canals for the promontorial and stapedial branches of the ICA have been cited as evidence of either haplorhine or strepsirrhine affinities among otherwise enigmatic early fossil euprimates. Here we use micro X-ray computed tomography to compile the largest quantitative dataset on ICA canal sizes. The data suggest greater variation of the ICA canals within some groups than has been previously appreciated. For example, Lepilemur and Avahi differ from most other lemuriforms in having a larger promontorial canal than stapedial canal. Furthermore, various lemurids are intraspecifically variable in relative canal size, with the promontorial canal being larger than the stapedial canal in some individuals but not others. In species where the promontorial artery supplies the brain with blood, the size of the promontorial canal is significantly correlated with endocranial volume (ECV). Among species with alternate routes of encephalic blood supply, the promontorial canal is highly reduced relative to ECV, and correlated with both ECV and cranium size. Ancestral state reconstructions incorporating data from fossils suggest that the last common ancestor of living primates had promontorial and stapedial canals that were similar to each other in size and large relative to ECV. We conclude that the plesiomorphic condition for crown primates is to have a patent promontorial artery supplying the brain and a patent stapedial artery for various nonencephalic structures. This inferred ancestral condition is exhibited by treeshrews and most early fossil euprimates, while extant primates exhibit reduction in one canal or another. The only early fossils deviating from this plesiomorphic condition are Adapis parisiensis with a reduced promontorial canal, and Rooneyia and Mahgarita with reduced stapedial canals.

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Molecular and Genomic Data Identify the Closest Living Relative of Primates

Cited by 284 publications

References 25 publications

Genome of the Chinese tree shrew

Genome of the Chinese tree shrew

New perspectives on anthropoid origins

Internal carotid arterial canal size and scaling in Euarchonta: Re-assessing implications for arterial patency and phylogenetic relationships in early fossil primates

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