Molecular architectural changes in hydrated macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene resin sorbents revealed by transmission electron microscopy using image analysis

The application of small angle scattering techniques to porosity characterization in carbons

“…Among these are gas adsorption [4], mercury intrusion porosimetry [5], TEM [6], and small angle scattering techniques (SAS) [7,8]. All these methods certainly have their limitations.…”

Formation of the porous structure during the polymerization ofmeta-divinylbenzene andpara-divinylbenzene with toluene and 2-ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) as porogens

“…25 Reported values of the average pore diameter of dry beads prepared by suspension polymerization of 100% para-DVB in the presence of toluene have been determined from contrastenhanced, energy-filtered transmission electron micrographs. 26 The average pore diameter was found to be 192 Å for a ratio of toluene/para-DVB of 2.0. In this study, the corresponding value of the average pore diameter is 56 Å (Table II), as determined by mercury porosimetry, indicating a pore size distribution with a much larger fraction of small pores.…”

Characterization of crosslinked, macroporous, monosized polymer particles

“…It is found that the incipience of phase separation occurs at quite different degrees of conversion dependent upon the porogen type. 15 According to Huxham et al, 27 samples prepared with pure para-DVB in the presence of toluene give rise to a rapid generation of a highly rigid, strained, and dense matrix of crosslinked polymer chains at low conversion. At high proportions of toluene the whole process of pore formation is probably increasingly delayed by the more extensive solvation of the macromolecular matrix, resulting in the formation of smaller pores.…”