Molecular Architecture and Biomedical Leads of Terpenes from Red Sea Marine Invertebrates

Abstract

Marine invertebrates including sponges, soft coral, tunicates, mollusks and bryozoan have proved to be a prolific source of bioactive natural products. Among marine-derived metabolites, terpenoids have provided a vast array of molecular architectures. These isoprenoid-derived metabolites also exhibit highly specialized biological activities ranging from nerve regeneration to blood-sugar regulation. As a result, intense research activity has been devoted to characterizing invertebrate terpenes from both a chemical and biological standpoint. This review focuses on the chemistry and biology of terpene metabolites isolated from the Red Sea ecosystem, a unique marine biome with one of the highest levels of biodiversity and specifically rich in invertebrate species.

Inclusion of terpenes in cyclodextrins: Preparation, characterization and pharmacological approaches

“…Marine terpenes include halides, dichloroimines and isonitriles which are very rare in terrestrial plants (Hegazy et al, 2015).…”

Antibacterial activity from soft corals of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

“…The unique characteristics of the Red Sea make it one of the most promising areas as a source of medicinal and nutritional natural products. Recently, biomedical leads from Red Sea marine invertebrates were reviewed [8]. The taxonomy of Red Sea soft corals was discussed by [9][10][11], and many other studies in the last decade discussed the biological activities of Red Sea soft corals [12][13][14][15].…”

Oxygenated heterocyclic metabolites with dual cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory potentials from Rhizophora annamalayana

“…The aryl terpenoid bearing 2H-chromenyl substituted methylfuran-19(3H)-one (compound 3) exhibited greater anti-inflammatory activity, which might be attributed to the electron-rich chromenol and γ-butyrolactone rings (Hegazy et al 2015). Previous studies recorded that the molecules with a greater number of electronic descriptors, such as hydrophobic centroids, have potential to form hydrogen bonds (hydrogen bonding with acceptors and donors) (Ajay et al 1998).…”

“…Previous studies recorded that the molecules with a greater number of electronic descriptors, such as hydrophobic centroids, have potential to form hydrogen bonds (hydrogen bonding with acceptors and donors) (Ajay et al 1998). Hegazy et al (2015) reported that the substituted aromatic rings have the capacity to interact with the acidic and basic amino acyl residues at the specific binding with sites causing a response to blocks or triggers. The anti-inflammatory selectivity indices (anti-COX-1 IC50 to anti-COX-2 IC50 ) of the studied compounds were significantly greater (4.3-6.6) than that displayed by ibuprofen (2.13).…”

“…These specialized adaptations were reported to enable these mangrove plants to biosynthesis various biologically active metabolites to sustain their adverse living conditions (Nebula et al 2013). Earlier investigations on the chemical compounds from mangrove species, especially those belonging to the family Rhizophoraceae, identified the occurrence of bioactive metabolites with diverse structural frameworks, such as tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, flavonoids, steroids, aryl terpenoids, pimaranes, labdanes, chromenes, and kauranes (Wang et al 2004;Wang et al 2005;Rohini and Das 2010;Nebula et al 2013;Costa et al 2014;Laskar and Brahmachari 2014;Jameel et al 2015;Chakraborty and Raola 2017;Martins et al 2017;Raola and Chakraborty 2017a), which were endowed with potent chemical and biological activities (Rocha-Santos and Duarte 2014; Hegazy et al 2015).…”