Molecular‐based detection, genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 4 from Korean domestic swine farms

Nguyen, Van Giap; Do, Hai‐Quynh; Huynh, Thi-My-Le; Park, Yong‐Ho; Park, Bong‐Kyun

doi:10.1111/tbed.14017

Cited by 64 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Thereafter, two other PCV types, designated as PCV3 and PCV4 were identified in 2015 (Palinski et al, 2017;Phan et al, 2016) and 2019, respectively (H. H. . Whilethe prevalence of PCV3 is reported in several parts of the world, PCV4 has been detected in China (H. H. , Korea (Nguyen et al, 2021) and Malaysia (Tan et al, 2020) so far, but was absent in swine samples from Spain and Italy (Franzo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Comparative immunopathogenesis and biology of recently discovered porcine circoviruses

Rakibuzzaman

Ramamoorthy

2021

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Porcine circoviruses are important pathogens of production swine. Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) is non-pathogenic, and discovered as a contaminant of a porcine kidney cell line, PK-15. The discovery of pathogenic variant, PCV2, occurred in the late 90s in association with post-weaning multi-systemic wasting disease syndrome (PMWS), which is characterized by wasting, respiratory signs and lymphadenopathy in weanling pigs. A new PCV type, designated as PCV3, was discovered in 2016, in pigs manifesting porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), respiratory distress and reproductive failure. Pathological manifestations of PCV3 Infections include systemic inflammation, vasculitis and myocarditis. A fourth PCV type, PCV4, was identified in 2020 in pigs with PDNS, respiratory and enteric signs. All the pathogenic PCV types are detected in both healthy and morbid pigs. They cause chronic, systemic infections with various clinical manifestations. Dysregulation of the immune system homeostasis is a pivotal trigger for pathogenesis in porcine circoviral infections. While the study of PCV3 immunobiology is still in its infancy lessons learned from PCV2 and other circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single stranded (ss) (CRESS) DNA viruses can inform the field of exploration for PCV3. Viral interactions with the innate immune system, interference with dendritic cell function coupled with the direct loss of lymphocytes compromises both innate and adaptive immunity in PCV2 infections. Dysregulated immune responses leading to the establishment of a pro-inflammatory state, immune complex associated hypersensitivity, and the necrosis of lymphocytes and immune cells are key features of PCV3 immunopathogenesis. A critical overview of the comparative immunopathology of PCV2 and PCV3/4, and directions for future research in the field are presented in this review.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Comparative immunopathogenesis and biology of recently discovered porcine circoviruses

Rakibuzzaman

Ramamoorthy

2021

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Very recently, PCV4 was reported at a positive rate of 3.28% in Korea domestic swine farms from six out of nine provinces (Nguyen et al, 2021). These results indicate PCV4 may be widely distributed in China and Korea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The seroprevalence of the newly identified porcine circovirus type 4 in China investigated by an enzymed‐linked immunosorbent assay

Ning

et al. 2021

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) is the fourth porcine circovirus newly identified in China, and it could be detected in diseased and healthy pigs. To date, the prevalence of PCV4 DNA in pig herds has been investigated in many provinces from both China and Korea, with positive rates varied from 3.28% to 25.4% in samples from different regions. However, up to now no serological data have been reported to evaluate the prevalence of PCV4 in pig herds. In this study, an indirect anti-PCV4 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on replicase protein (Rep) was developed and utilized to investigate the seroprevalence of PCV4 in pig herds of China. A total of 1790 swine serum samples from 17 provinces of China were tested including samples confirmed positive for PCV4 DNA. There was no cross-reactivity of this ELISA with PCV1, PCV2 and PCV3. PCV4 Rep antibodies have been detected in serum samples from 16 out of 17 provinces in China. The PCV4 overall seroprevalence was 43.97%, with the highest of 67.8% been detected in sows, followed by fattening and suckling pigs with positive rates of 35.0% and 14.56%, respectively, and the lowest of 12.61% been detected in nursery pigs. Moreover, from the present data, the earliest positive sample could be

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“…Since then, PCV4 has also been discovered in some other provinces in China ( Sun et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2021 ; Ha et al, 2021 ; Tian et al, 2021 ), demonstrating that PCV4 is probably prevalent in Chinese pig farms. Additionally, PCV4 was also reported in South Korea but was not discovered in Italy and Spain ( Franzo et al, 2020 ; Nguyen et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Nucleolar Localization Signal of Porcine Circovirus Type 4 Capsid Protein Is Essential for Interaction With Serine-48 Residue of Nucleolar Phosphoprotein Nucleophosmin-1

et al. 2021

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Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) is an emerging etiological agent which was first detected in 2019. The nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) of PCV4 Cap protein and its binding host cellular proteins are still not elucidated. In the present study, we discovered a distinct novel NoLS of PCV4 Cap, which bound to the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1). The NoLS of PCV4 Cap and serine-48 residue at the N-terminal oligomerization domain of NPM1 were necessary for PCV4 Cap/NPM1 interaction. Furthermore, the charge property of serine residue at position 48 of the NPM1 was crucial for its oligomerization and interaction with PCV4 Cap. In summary, our findings show for the first time that the PCV4 Cap NoLS and the NPM1 oligomerization determine the interaction of Cap/NPM1.

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Molecular‐based detection, genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 4 from Korean domestic swine farms

Cited by 64 publications

References 57 publications

Comparative immunopathogenesis and biology of recently discovered porcine circoviruses

Comparative immunopathogenesis and biology of recently discovered porcine circoviruses

The seroprevalence of the newly identified porcine circovirus type 4 in China investigated by an enzymed‐linked immunosorbent assay

The Nucleolar Localization Signal of Porcine Circovirus Type 4 Capsid Protein Is Essential for Interaction With Serine-48 Residue of Nucleolar Phosphoprotein Nucleophosmin-1

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