Molecular beams with a tunable velocity

Heiner, Cynthia E.; Bethlem, Hendrick L.; Meijer, Gerard

doi:10.1039/b602260j

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These molecules also entered the decelerator with a velocity of 280 m/s, but because they missed the last two deceleration stages, they left the decelerator with a slightly higher velocity. For further details see, for example, ref 44. Because of the transverse focusing of the beam, the signal intensity typically increases when the decelerator is switched on.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Linear AC Trap for Polar Molecules in Their Ground State

et al. 2007

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A linear AC trap for polar molecules in high-field seeking states has been devised and implemented, and its characteristics have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The trap is loaded with slow 15 ND 3 molecules in their ground state (para-ammonia) from a Stark decelerator. The trap's geometry offers optimal access as well as improved loading. We present measurements of the dependence of the trap's performance on the switching frequency, which exhibit a characteristic structure due to nonlinear resonance effects. The molecules are found to oscillate in the trap under the influence of the trapping forces, which were analyzed using 3D numerical simulations. On the basis of expansion measurements, molecules with a velocity and a position spread of 2.1 m/s and 0.4 mm, respectively, are still accepted by the trap. This corresponds to a temperature of 2.0 mK. From numerical simulations, we find the phase-space volume that can be confined by the trap (the acceptance) to be 50 mm 3 (m/s) 3 .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Linear AC Trap for Polar Molecules in Their Ground State

et al. 2007

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“…Earlier demonstrated buffer gas cooled beams 1,22 include high-flux beams of ND 3 and atomic potassium, produced by loading cold buffer gas cells using a similar methodology to this work. In those experiments, the mixture of buffer gas and molecules is sprayed out of the cell through a flat nozzle into a cryopumped vacuum so that the species of interest can be separated from the buffer gas via optical, electric, or magnetic fields.…”

Section: Cold Beam Productionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The cold molecules in these studies are generally diatomic but also include few-atom molecules such as ND 3 . 2,3 Extending this work to the cooling of larger molecules is of high interest, as reviewed by Meijer et al 4 and references therein. For example, chemical reaction rates at low temperatures are of great current interest, and extending these studies to important large molecules is essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling and collisions of large gas phase molecules

Patterson

Tsikata

Doyle

2010

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Cold and dense samples of naphthalene (C 10 H 8 ) are produced using buffer gas cooling in combination with rapid, high flow molecule injection. The observed naphthalene density is n E 10 11 cm À3 over a volume of a few cm 3 at a temperature of 6 K. We observe naphthalene-naphthalene collisions through two-body loss of naphthalene with a loss cross section of s N-N = 1.4 Â 10 À14 cm 2 . Analysis is presented that indicates that this combination of techniques will be applicable to many comparably sized molecules. This technique can also be combined with cryogenic beam methods 1 to produce cold, high flux, continuous molecular beams.

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“…The subject of orientation of dipolar molecules by static electric and magnetic fields has long occupied a prominent place in the study of molecular beams, [1][2][3] and is currently enjoying renewed attention due to the introduction of "brute force" orientation methods 4,5 for stereospecific collision experiments 6,7 and spectroscopy, 8 to the development of Stark deceleration techniques for the production and storage of slow molecules, 9 to construction of electrostatic guides for cold molecules, 10 and to electric and magnetic beam deflection experiments on polar clusters ͑see, e.g., Refs. 11-16 and references therein͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientation of dipole molecules and clusters upon adiabatic entry into an external field

Bulthuis

Becker

Moro

et al. 2008

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The induced polarization of a beam of polar clusters or molecules passing through an electric or magnetic field region differs from the textbook Langevin-Debye susceptibility. This distinction, which is important for the interpretation of deflection and focusing experiments, arises because instead of acquiring thermal equilibrium in the field region, the beam ensemble typically enters the field adiabatically, i.e., with a previously fixed distribution of rotational states. We discuss the orientation of rigid symmetric top systems with a body-fixed electric or magnetic dipole moment. The analytical expression for their "adiabatic-entry" orientation is elucidated and compared with exact numerical results for a range of parameters. The differences between the polarization of thermodynamic and "adiabatic-entry" ensembles of prolate and oblate tops, and of symmetric top and linear rotators, are illustrated and identified.

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Molecular beams with a tunable velocity

Cited by 42 publications

References 31 publications

A Linear AC Trap for Polar Molecules in Their Ground State

A Linear AC Trap for Polar Molecules in Their Ground State

Cooling and collisions of large gas phase molecules

Orientation of dipole molecules and clusters upon adiabatic entry into an external field

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