Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of C. jejuni Isolates from Italian Wild Bird Populations

Marotta, Francesca; Janowicz, Anna; Marcantonio, Lisa Di; Ercole, Claudia; Donato, Guido Di; Garofolo, Giuliano; Giannatale, Elisabetta Di

doi:10.3390/pathogens9040304

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This technique has been used in assessing Campylobacter strain overlap among different species of wild birds, poultry, and humans ( Colles et al, 2008 ; French et al, 2009 ; Hughes et al, 2009 ; Du et al, 2019 ; Wei et al, 2019 ; Jurinoviæ et al, 2020 ). Since the application of MLST is restricted to the sequence type characterization, whole-genome or core-genome MLST techniques are preferred for the accurate differentiation of related strains ( Marotta et al, 2020 ). Currently, technological advancements have enabled the use of a more advanced WGS technique, which reveals an organism’s entire DNA make-up ( Franz et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Identification and Characterization Of Campylobactermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the study from Lithuania reported 87.1% resistance to ciprofloxacin ( Aksomaitiene et al, 2019 ). Another study from Italy reported resistance to tetracycline (12.5%), nalidixic acid (10%), ciprofloxacin (10%), streptomycin (6.7%), and erythromycin (4.2%) ( Marotta et al, 2020 ). To sum up, the antibiotic resistance pattern of Campylobacter in wild birds seems under-investigated, and thus, further studies are warranted.…”

Section: Drug Resistance Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Campylobacter in Wild Birds: Is It an Animal and Public Health Concern?

Ahmed

Gülhan

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Campylobacteriosis continues to be one of the leading causes of foodborne bacterial zoonotic infections worldwide. Despite its public health importance, the status of this disease in wild birds and the possibility of transmission from wild birds to domestic animals and humans have not been clearly elucidated yet. This article reviews the available literature with the aim of making a comprehensive manuscript on this disease status in wild birds and the possibility of interspecies transmission. Campylobacter has been isolated from various species of wild birds worldwide, with C. jejuni being the most commonly isolated species. The prevalence of Campylobacter in wild birds may vary depending on several factors like geographical location, season, the bird’s health status, bird species, sample type, the method used, and ecological factors. Molecular studies over the past two to three decades have characterized Campylobacter strains isolated from wild birds and have come up with results that fall into two categories. The first are those that report overlapping strains among human, domestic animal, and wild bird isolates. The results of the studies under this category emphasize that wild birds carry strains of Campylobacter, which are indistinguishable from domestic animals and humans and are therefore an important public and animal health concern. In contrast, the studies under the second category highlight significant differences in Campylobacter population structure among these hosts. Despite the controversiality and the inadequacy of current research to draw a full conclusion, the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of Campylobacter should not be undermined as drug-resistant strains, especially resistance to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones, are increasingly documented. In addition, source attribution studies have linked human cases of Campylobacter infections to wild birds. Therefore, the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of Campylobacter infection should not be neglected. However, in order to determine disease status in wild birds and the precise role of wild birds in domestic animals and human health, detail-oriented epidemiological investigations characterizing the genetic relatedness of isolates from the respective species and environment through one health approach are warranted.

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Section: Identification and Characterization Of Campylobactermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug Resistance Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter in Wild Birds: Is It an Animal and Public Health Concern?

Ahmed

Gülhan

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Data about the potential role of wild avifauna as a fecal source of bacteria and parasites for humans and other mammals are not numerous, and in particular those concerning Italy are very scanty [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on the Presence of Bacterial and Parasitic Zoonotic Agents in the Feces of Wild Birds

Ebani

Guardone

Bertelloni

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Wild avifauna may act as fecal source of bacterial and parasitic pathogens for other birds and mammals. Most of these pathogens have a relevant impact on human and livestock health which may cause severe disease and economic loss. In the present study, the fecal samples collected from 121 wild birds belonging to 15 species of the genera Anas, Tadorna, Fulica, Arddea, Larus, Falco, Athene, Accipiter, and Columba were submitted to bacteriological and molecular analyses to detect Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii, Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., and microsporidia. Four (3.3%) animals were positive for one pathogen: one Anas penelope for C. burnetii, one Larus michahellis for S. enterica serovar Coeln, and two Columba livia for Encephalitozoon hellem. Although the prevalence rates found in the present survey were quite low, the obtained results confirm that wild birds would be the a potential fecal source of bacterial and parasitic zoonotic pathogens which sometimes can also represent a severe threat for farm animals.

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“…Several studies showed the possibility of wildlife or environmental sources to act as reservoirs of Campylobacter infection ( Sheppard et al., 2009a ; Griekspoor et al., 2013 ; Cody et al., 2015 ; Atterby et al., 2018 ; Marotta et al., 2019 ; Marotta et al., 2020 ). In particular, these researchers focused on agricultural settings, especially on wild birds ( Sheppard et al., 2009a ; Griekspoor et al., 2013 ; Cody et al., 2015 ; Atterby et al., 2018 ; Marotta et al., 2019 ) small mammals ( Sippy et al., 2012 ) and insects ( Hald et al., 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and Antibiotic Resistance Traits in Campylobacter jejuni and coli From Pigs and Wild Boars in Italy

Marotta

Marcantonio

Janowicz

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The present study investigated the genomic constitution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of 238 Campylobacter from pigs and wild boars in Italy between 2012 and 2019. Campylobacter strains were genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome MLST (wgMLST), screened for antimicrobial resistance genes, and tested for phenotypic susceptibility to six different antibiotics. C. coli was detected in 98.31% and 91.66% of pigs and wild boars, while C. jejuni was isolated in the remaining cases. MLST assigned 73 STs and 13 STs in pigs and wild boars, respectively, including 44 novel STs. The predominant ST in pigs was ST-854 (12.36%), followed by ST-9264 (6.18%). ST-1055 and ST-1417 were predominant in wild boars (30% and 13.33%, respectively). The minimum spanning tree using 1,121 global MLST profiles showed specific Italian clusters and a clear separation between pig and wild boar profiles. The wgMLST confirmed the MLST clustering and revealed a high genetic diversity within C. coli population in Italy. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of six antibiotics revealed higher resistance in pigs to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin and tetracycline, compared to wild boar. In contrast, most strains were susceptible to gentamicin. Worrying levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) were observed mostly in pig isolates. Molecular screening of AMR mechanisms revealed the predominance of gyrA T86I substitution among fluoroquinoloneand quinolone-resistant isolates, and the 23S rRNA A2075G mutation among macrolide-resistant isolates. Other resistance determinants were observed: (i) tet (O) gene was present among tetracycline-resistant isolates; (ii) rpsL and aph(3')-III genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, were identified only in streptomycin or gentamicin-resistant pig isolates; (iii) cmeA, cmeB, cmeC, cmeR genes responsible of pump efflux mechanisms, were observed in almost all the strains; (iv) OXA-61, encoding b-lactamase, was found in the half of the strains. Genotypic and phenotypic AMR profiling was fairly correlated for quinolones/fluoroquinolones. Campylobacter infection is common also in wild boar populations in Italy, suggesting that wild boars could be a reservoir of resistant and multi-resistant Campylobacter species, which may be of public health

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Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of C. jejuni Isolates from Italian Wild Bird Populations

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

Campylobacter in Wild Birds: Is It an Animal and Public Health Concern?

Campylobacter in Wild Birds: Is It an Animal and Public Health Concern?

Survey on the Presence of Bacterial and Parasitic Zoonotic Agents in the Feces of Wild Birds

Genotyping and Antibiotic Resistance Traits in Campylobacter jejuni and coli From Pigs and Wild Boars in Italy

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