Molecular Characterization and Epitope Mapping of Fusion (F) and Hemagglutinin (HN) Genes of Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype I from Peacocks in Pakistan

Akhtar, Sameera; Muneer, M. A.; Muhammad, Khushi; Tipu, Muhammad Yasin; Anees, Muhammad; Rashid, Imran; Raza-ur-Rehman, Raza-ur-Rehman; Hussain, Irshad

doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.2.sc9

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Taken together, genetic differences observed in the functional domains and neutralization epitopes of the F and HN proteins of wild bird origin isolates in compare to the vaccine strains could be attributed to increased virulence and vaccine escape mutants [1]. These results may be useful in revising and/or updating the vaccine schedule being currently practised in Egypt and other ND-endemic countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Biological characterization of wild-bird-origin avian avulavirus 1 and efficacy of currently applied vaccines against potential infection in commercial poultry

et al. 2018

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the type member of the species Avian avulavirus 1 (formerly known as avian paramyxovirus serotype 1), causes a highly contagious and economically important disease in a myriad of avian species around the globe. While extensive vaccination programs have been implemented in ND-endemic countries, the disease is continuously spreading in commercial, backyard, and wild captive poultry. In order to investigate the evolution of the virus and assess the efficiency of the vaccine regimens that are currently being applied in commercial poultry, four wild-bird-origin NDV strains were characterized biologically, based on mean death time and intracerebral pathogenicity index, and genetically, based on the cleavage motif (RRQKRF) in the fusion (F) protein. Based on these features, all of the isolates were characterized as velogenic strains of NDV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequence revealed clustering of these isolates within class II, genotype VII. This class of NDV remains the predominant genotype in the Egyptian poultry industry, as well as in those of many Asian and African countries. To investigate the potential of these wild-bird-origin NDV isolates to cause infection in domesticated poultry and to assess the efficacy of currently available vaccines for protection of commercial poultry, an extensive animal challenge experiment was performed. Cumulative clinicopathological and immunological investigations of virus-challenged chickens indicate that these isolates can potentially be transmitted between chicken and cause systemic infections, and the currently applied vaccines are unable to prevent clinical disease and virus shedding. Taken together, the data represent a comprehensive evaluation of the ability of Egyptian wild-bird-origin NDV strains to cause infection in commercial poultry and highlights the need for a continuous and large-scale surveillance as well as revised vaccine approaches. These integrated and multifaceted strategies would be crucial in any efforts to control and eradicate the disease globally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Biological characterization of wild-bird-origin avian avulavirus 1 and efficacy of currently applied vaccines against potential infection in commercial poultry

et al. 2018

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“…In the present study, we demonstrate the isolation of vaccinederived APMV1 and ACoV from different wild bird species and identified at least three species from three avian orders that harboured and/or excreted vaccine-derived viruses. However, it is likely that APMV1 strains could infect any bird species due to broader host spectrum of these viruses [20,21]. While this and previous studies [2,4,5] have highlighted the reverse spillover, it is yet to be determined if these spilled over viruses retain their immunization potential or in the event of concurrent infection may lead to virus evolution and altered pathogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Reverse spillover of avian viral vaccine strains from domesticated poultry to wild birds

Rohaim

Naggar

Helal

et al. 2017

Vaccine

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Transmission of viruses from the commercial poultry to wild birds is an emerging paradigm of livestock-wildlife interface. Here, we report the identification and isolation of vaccine strains of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV1) and avian coronaviruses (ACoV) from different wild bird species across eight Egyptian governorates between January 2014 and December 2015. Surveillance of avian respiratory viruses in free-ranging wild birds (n=297) identified three species that harboured or excreted APMV1 and ACoVs. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of recovered viruses revealed a close association with the most widely utilized vaccine strains in the country. These results highlight the potential spillover of vaccine-viruses probably due to extensive use of live-attenuated vaccines in the commercial poultry, and close interaction between domesticated and wild bird populations. Further exploring the full spectrum of vaccine-derived viral vaccine strains in wild birds might help to assess the emergence of future wild-birds origin viruses.

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“…The HN, another multifunctional glycoprotein, is comprised of the cytoplasmic domain, a transmembrane region, a stalk region and a globular head (Peeters, de Leeuw, Verstegen, Koch, & Gielkens, ). The stalk region supports the globular head (Kolakofsky & Lamb, ) and mediates the fusion process (Akhtar et al., ; Deng, Wang, Mirza, & Iorio, ; Tanabayashi & Compans, ). All antigenic sites, receptor binding and neuraminidase activity are controlled by the globular region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of genotype VII Newcastle disease viruses to cause differential infections in chickens and ducks

Chen

Rehman

Liu

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Newcastle disease (ND), caused by ND virus (NDV), is one of the most infectious and economically important diseases of the poultry industry worldwide. While infections are reported in a wide range of avian species, the pathogenicity of chicken-origin virulent NDV isolates in ducks remains elusive. In this study, two NDV strains were isolated and biologically and genetically characterized from an outbreak in chickens and apparently healthy ducks. Pathogenicity assessment indices, including the mean death time (MDT), intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and cleavage motifs in the fusion (F) protein, indicated that both isolates were velogenic in nature. While these isolates carried pathogenic characteristics, interestingly they showed differential pathogenicity in ducks. The chicken-origin isolate caused high (70%) mortality, whereas the duck-origin virus resulted in low (20%) mortality in 4-week-old ducks. Intriguingly, both isolates showed comparable disease pathologies in chickens. Full-genome sequence analysis showed that the virus genome contains 15 192 nucleotides and carried features that are characteristic of velogenic strains of NDV. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that both isolates clustered in class II and genotype VII. However, there were several mutations in the functionally important regions of the fusion (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins, which may be responsible for the differential pathogenicity of these viruses in ducks. In summary, these results suggest that NDV strains with the same genotype show differential pathogenicity in chickens and ducks. Furthermore, chicken-origin virulent NDVs are more pathogenic for ducks than duck-origin viruses. These findings propose a role for chickens in the evolution of viral pathogenicity and the potential genetic resistance of ducks to poultry viruses.

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Molecular Characterization and Epitope Mapping of Fusion (F) and Hemagglutinin (HN) Genes of Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype I from Peacocks in Pakistan

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Biological characterization of wild-bird-origin avian avulavirus 1 and efficacy of currently applied vaccines against potential infection in commercial poultry

Biological characterization of wild-bird-origin avian avulavirus 1 and efficacy of currently applied vaccines against potential infection in commercial poultry

Reverse spillover of avian viral vaccine strains from domesticated poultry to wild birds

Potential of genotype VII Newcastle disease viruses to cause differential infections in chickens and ducks

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