Molecular characterization and identification of Hepatozoon species Miller, 1908 (Apicomplexa: Adeleina: Hepatozoidae) in captive snakes from Brazil

A 50-year-old redescription: molecular and morphometric characterization of Hepatozoon carinicauda Pessôa and Cavalheiro, 1969 in the brown-banded water snake Helicops angulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

“…Nineteen sequences retrieved from GenBank (MN833641, MF435047, MF435048, KX880079, MF497763, MF497764, MF497765, MF497766, MF497767, KC342524, MF497769, MF497770, KC342526, MW241134, MW241135, KC342525, MF322538, MF322539, MW591599) and aligned using the MAFFT software package (version 7) (Katoh et al ., 2019), resulting in an alignment of 461 bp, were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of the 18S rRNA gene from Hepatozoon spp. detected in the snake in the present study and in reptiles from previous studies in Brazil (O'Dwyer et al ., 2013, Borges-Nojosa et al ., 2017; Bouer et al ., 2017; Úngari et al ., 2018, 2021; Picelli et al ., 2020). Nucleotide diversity (Pi), haplotype diversity (Hd), number of haplotypes (h), total number of mutations (Eta) and average number of nucleotide differences (k), using DnaSP v5 software (Librado and Rozas, 2009), were calculated.…”

“…Haemogregarines of the genus Hepatozoon Miller, 1908 (Apicomplexa, Hepatozoidae) comprise a ubiquitous group of intraerythrocytic parasites that are remarkably diverse among snakes (Smith, 1996; Úngari et al ., 2018). For many years, species nomination in this taxon was based on classical taxonomic methods, using morphological and morphometric data (Morrison, 2009).…”

“…40 spp.) in snakes (Pessôa et al ., 1974; Smith, 1996; Úngari et al ., 2018, 2021), only the sequences of 5 species were available to date: Hepatozoon cevapii O'Dwyer et al ., 2013 reported in Crotalus durissus Linnaeus, 1758 (O'Dwyer et al ., 2013) and Thamnodynastes lanei Bailey et al ., 2005 (De Paula et al ., 2021); Hepatozoon cuestensis O'Dwyer et al ., 2013 and Hepatozoon massardii O'Dwyer et al ., 2013 described in C . durissus (O'Dwyer et al ., 2013; Úngari et al ., 2018); Hepatozoon musa Borges-Nojosa et al ., 2017 from Philodryas nattereri (Steindachner, 1870) (Borges-Nojosa et al ., 2017), C. durissus and Epicrates crassus Cope, 1862 (Úngari et al ., 2018); and Hepatozoon quagliattus Úngari et al ., 2021 in Dipsas mikanii (Schlegel, 1837) (Úngari et al ., 2021).…”

Vector-borne zoonotic blood parasites in wildlife from Ecuador: A report and systematic review

“…Hepatozoon spp. [3,34,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] Caiman crocodilus, Boa constrictor Hepatozoon caimani [45,46] Caiman crocodilus Hepatozoon fusifex [47] Boa constrictor Hepatozoon terzii [48] Boa constrictor Hepatozoon cuestensi [49] Boa constrictor Mycoplasma spp. [26,50] Puma concolor, Odocoileus virginianus Mycoplasma haemocanis [28] Nasua nasua Mycoplasma haemofelis [23,25,[32][33]51] Nasua nasua, Pantera onca, Puma concolor, Leopardus tigrinus Mycoplasma haemocanis/Mycoplasma haemofelis [28,32] Leopardus pardalis Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis [23,32,51] Nasua nasua, Pantera onca, Leopardus pardalis Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum [23,25,26,[29][30][31][32] Pantera onca, Puma concolor, Leopardus tigrinus, Leopardus pardalis Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomacaque [27] Sapajus apella Candidatus Mycoplasma kahaneii [27,30] Saimiri sciureus Trypanosoma leeuwenhoek [52] Choloepus hoffmanni Trypanosoma rangeli [53,54] Choloepus hoffmanni Dirofilaria repens [55] Nasua nasua Dirofilaria immitis…”

“…2)[3,23,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. Mycoplasma spp.…”