Molecular characterization and multiple infections of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus in outpatients with sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2010–2011

Abstract

Rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoV), sapovirus (SaV), human astrovirus (HAstV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) are significant because they are the most common pathogens that cause diarrhea in young children. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic characteristics and compare the roles of these five viruses in outpatient children with diarrhea in Shanghai. A total of 436 fecal samples were collected from pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis from January 2010 to December 2011. The selected samples were subjected to reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) or PCR to detect and genotype RV, NoV, SaV, HAstV and HAdV. RV (43.3 %, 189/436) was the most prevalent virus, followed by NoV (28.9 %, 126/436), HAdV (7.1 %, 31/436). HAstV (1.8 %, 8/436) and SaV (0.5 %, 2/436). The percentage of multiple infection cases was 14.9 % (65/436), and RV + NoV was the predominant mixed infection. The RV genotype combinations of P[8]G3 (52/189, 27.5 %), P[8]G1 (51/189, 26.9 %) and P[8]G9 (48/189, 25.4 %) occurred most frequently. The predominant NoV genotype was GII.4 (73.0 %, 92/126), and the majority of GII.4 clustered as GII.4-2006b (65.2 %, 60/92). Two of the SaV cases were identified as GI.2 and GII.1. All HAstV-positive samples belonged to HAstV-1. The predominant HAdV type was HAdV-41 (45.2 %, 14/31). This study clearly shows the diversity of the viral causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in outpatient children in Shanghai, which will provide baseline information for future vaccination strategies and development in this area.

Sapoviruses in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis From Manaus , Amazon Region, Brazil, 2010-2011

“…In comparison with other studies, the positivity rate was higher than that observed in Thailand (1.2%) 13 and China (0.5%) 27 , but similar (3.9%) to the one found in children with AGE of five locations from Japan during 2007 and 2008 28 and lower than the positivity in Philippines (7.0%), where the virus was detected in hospitalized children with AGE 29 . …”

Circulation of HAdV-41 with diverse genome types and recombination in acute gastroenteritis among children in Shanghai

“…Previous study has reported that HAdV-41 was the prevalent adenovirus serotype causing gastroenteritis in children in shanghai 18 . However, no genome information was available in this area.…”

Prevalence and genetic diversity of human sapovirus associated with sporadic acute gastroenteritis in South China from 2013 to 2017

“…In China, SaV detection rates were generally a little more than 1% when using the primer set targeting the 5′ end of the VP1 gene, except for one that reached 3.73% . However, when using the primer set for the partial RdRp region, its positive rate was even lower (0.5%; 2 of 436) . Globally, the low detection rate of SaV has also been reported in many countries.…”

“…SaV infection is also one of the major public health concerns that cause acute diarrhea in China. Monitoring conducted in different cities revealed low positive rates, which ranged from 0.5% to 3.7% . However, prevalence data of human SaV in South China in recent years are still lacking.…”

“…Monitoring conducted in different cities revealed low positive rates, which ranged from 0.5% to 3.7%. 22,24 However, prevalence data of human SaV in South China in recent years are still lacking. In this study, we conducted a 4-year monitoring of human SaV associated with sporadic gastroenteritis in Guangzhou, aiming to identify the prevalence of SaV infections and their genetic diversity.…”