Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Infectious PERV and Development of Diagnostic Tests

Niebert, Marcus; Tönjes, Ralf R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55541-1_8

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…However, it is our opinion that (at least within humans) negative selection would act quickly against intact and active viruses, largely preventing them from reaching fixation within the host population (3). This is consistent with the presence of replication competent viruses in other mammals, most of which are unfixed within the host species (10,11,19,35,38). In particular, the majority of active and infectious endogenous murine retroviruses are present in only a few inbred strains of mice (6).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Effects of Recombination Rate on Human Endogenous Retrovirus Fixation and Persistence

Pereira

Tristem

2007

J Virol

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Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) result from germ line infections by exogenous retroviruses. They can proliferate within the genome of their host species until they are either inactivated by mutation or removed by recombinational deletion. ERVs belong to a diverse group of mobile genetic elements collectively termed transposable elements (TEs). Numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the factors determining the genomic distribution and persistence of TEs. Here we show that, within humans, gene density and not recombination rate correlates with fixation of endogenous retroviruses, whereas the local recombination rate determines their persistence in a full-length state. Recombination does not appear to influence fixation either via the ectopic exchange model or by indirect models based on the efficacy of selection. We propose a model linking rates of meiotic recombination to the probability of recombinational deletion to explain the effect of recombination rate on persistence. Chromosomes 19 and Y are exceptions, possessing more elements than other regions, and we suggest this is due to low gene density and elevated rates of human ERV integration in males for chromosome Y and segmental duplication for chromosome 19.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Effects of Recombination Rate on Human Endogenous Retrovirus Fixation and Persistence

Pereira

Tristem

2007

J Virol

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“…However, the use of porcine xenografts is associated with the risk of transmitting porcine viruses to a human recipient [1]. Porcine endogenous retroviruses [2] integrated into the porcine genome and transmitted via the germline are the main focus of attention and many efforts aim at their inactivation. Porcine circoviruses are horizontally transmitted and infect cells of the immune system [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the risk potential of porcine circoviruses for xenotransplantation: consensus primer‐PCR‐based search for a human circovirus

Hattermann

Maerz

Slanina

et al. 2004

Xenotransplantation

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“…But at present, most important is further intensified research to estimate the risk. For instance the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI), the German Federal Agency for Sera and Vaccines, has recently cloned the genome and functionally characterized infectious PERV and developed corresponding diagnostic tests [34].…”

Section: Porcine Xenotransplants and The Precautionary Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘precautionary principle’ as a guide for future drug development

Alban

2005

Eur J Clin Investigation

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During the last decade, the 'precautionary principle' health has gained importance. It is an approach to manage uncertain risks and to prevent any damage to the environment or human.A key element is to take action, even if some cause and effect relationships are not fully established scientifically. Although there are also critics of this principle, it is meanwhile, also increasingly implemented in medicine. An important subject is medicinal products of human or animal origin. Manifold official precaution-guided regulations have been stated to improve their safety, particularly to avoid any infection by viruses and pathogens causing transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In addition to numerous regulations and decisions, it is generally recommended to substitute animal and human-derived products with adequate alternatives wherever possible. This is a great challenge for research and drug development. One option is recombinant proteins, which however, are not generally free of any risk of contamination. Therefore, the best strategy might be the development of synthetic, specifically acting drugs.The most widely used medicinal product of animal origin at present is heparin. Although there has been no indication of any viral contamination, many other reasons suggest its substitution by alternative antithrombotics. These actually promoted the research on new anticoagulants. With the approval of fondaparinux, the first synthetic, selective factor Xa, a first alternative to the porcine-derived heparin has become available. In addition, other synthetic antithrombotics are currently in clinical development. In principle, it is thus possible that the prophylaxis and therapy of thromboembolic diseases will become completely independent of animal-derived drugs, which would be in line with the precautionary principle.

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Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Infectious PERV and Development of Diagnostic Tests

Cited by 11 publications

References 63 publications

Effects of Recombination Rate on Human Endogenous Retrovirus Fixation and Persistence

Effects of Recombination Rate on Human Endogenous Retrovirus Fixation and Persistence

Assessing the risk potential of porcine circoviruses for xenotransplantation: consensus primer‐PCR‐based search for a human circovirus

The ‘precautionary principle’ as a guide for future drug development

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