Molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) in Thailand during 2019–2020

Sirisereewan, Chaitawat; Nguyen, Thanh Che; Piewbang, Chutchai; Jittimanee, Suphattra; Kedkovid, Roongtham; Thanawongnuwech, Roongroje

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32382-1

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…PCV4 was first registered in China in 2019 ( 23 ). Since then, this novel virus has been detected in domestic pigs in Thailand ( 24 ), South Korea ( 25 ), and more recently, in wild boars and domestic pigs in Europe ( 26 ). Simultaneously, its pathogenicity remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 circulating among wild boars in the Moscow Region of Russia

Krasnikov,

Rykova,

Kucheruk

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are widely distributed in swine herds. PCV2, the significant swine pathogen, causes infections characterized by growth and development disorders, skin lesions, and respiratory distress. PCV3 has been circulating worldwide and can be associated with various clinical signs and disease developments. Wild boars are the main reservoir of these pathogens in wildlife and can create an alarming threat to pig farming. In Russia, three PCV2 genotypes (PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d) were identified in pig farms. Additionally, PCV3 was observed in pig herds during the monitoring studies in the country. However, data considering the circulation of PCVs in herds of wild boars in Russia is scant. For this purpose, we performed PCR assays of the samples from 30 wild boars hunted in the Moscow Region of Russia in 2021–2023. The ratios of wild boars positive for PCV2, PCV3, or coinfected were 50, 10, and 13.3%, respectively. Additionally, we sequenced 15 PCV2 and four PCV3 complete genomes and conducted phylogenetic analysis, which divided PCV2 isolates into two groups: PCV2d and PCV2b. The study showed a high infection rate of PCV2 among wild boars, with PCV2d dominance. Simultaneously, PCV3 also circulates among wild boars. The obtained results can provide a basis for the development of preventive measures to support infection transmission risks between farm and wild animals.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 circulating among wild boars in the Moscow Region of Russia

Krasnikov,

Rykova,

Kucheruk

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, PCV-4 DNA has been detected in other domestic species such as dairy cows and dogs in China [ 5 , 6 ]. Outside China, PCV-4 genome has been found only in Korea and Thailand [ 7 , 8 ], although several surveys have been conducted in other continents, such as South America and Europe [ 9 , 10 ]. Therefore, Asia is the only continent where the virus has been detected so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limited sequences available point out the existence of two different genotypes of PCV-4 (PCV-4a and PCV-4b). Both genotypes have been found in China, although only the PCV-4b one has been identified in Thailand and South Korea [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

First detection of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) in Europe

Holgado-Martín,

Arnal,

Sibila

et al. 2023

Virol J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) is a novel virus recently discovered (2019) in domestic pigs from China, although several studies have proven its circulation since 2008. Later, PCV-4 was also detected in wild boar populations from China and domestic pigs from South Korea and Thailand. Currently, Asia is so far the only continent where this novel virus has been reported; few studies carried out in South America and Europe failed in the attempt to detect it. The objective of this Comment is to communicate the first detection of PCV-4 in Europe, specifically in wild boar and domestic pigs from Mid-South-Western Spain. A retrospective study was carried out on wild boar and domestic pigs, both extensively (Iberian breed) and intensively raised, from Spain and Italy, sampled between 1998 and 2022. PCV-4 genome detection was attempted using different conventional or quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) protocols and some positive results were confirmed through Sanger sequencing. A total of 57 out of 166 (34.3%) Spanish wild boar and 9 out of 223 (4%) Iberian pigs (both geographically located in the Mid-South-Western Spain) were qPCR positive, while the rest of tested animals from North-Eastern Spain and Italy were negative. Partial sequences of Rep or Cap genes of selected samples confirmed the presence of PCV-4. The relatively high prevalence in wild boar and the low one in Iberian pigs from the same areas suggests intra- and interspecific transmission, being the wild boar a potential viral reservoir. The epidemiological and clinical importance of these findings are currently unknown, but guarantees further research on this novel virus.

show abstract

“…Successful isolations of PCV3 as well as pathogenicity demonstration through infectious molecular clones have been reported (Jiang et al, 2019;Mora-D‫ם‬az et al, 2020;Oh & Chae, 2020). Most recently, yet another new species was identified in China, South Korea and Thailand, sequentially named porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) (Zhang et al, 2020;Nguyen et al, 2022;Sirisereewan et al, 2023). Infectious clone of PCV4 had been shown to induce systemic pathological changes in piglets (Niu et al, 2022) In Malaysia, PCV2 with its myriad of PCVAD has been reported to be endemic in the local pig farming industry since its first detection (Hassuzana et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular detection of porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) in Malaysia

C.Y.

2023

Trop Biomed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) is the newest member in the porcine circovirus family, first reported in 2020. To date, the presence of PCV4 has only been reported in China, South Korea and most recently in Thailand. Detection of PCV4 have been reported in various production stages of pigs from piglets, finishers to sows; associated with a myriad of clinical manifestations including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), respiratory, enteric and neurological diseases. While successful virus isolation and culture has yet to be reported, pathogenicity of PCV4 has been demonstrated through infectious clone studies. The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of PCV4 in Malaysian porcine population to update the epidemiology of porcine circoviruses in Malaysia. A total of 49 samples from commercial intensive pig farms, abattoir and wild boar population were subjected to conventional polymerase chain reaction assay to detect PCV4 capsid (cap) genome. Resulting cap nucleotide sequences were analyzed for maximum likelihood phylogeny relationship. Results revealed that PCV4 is present in Peninsular Malaysia at a molecular prevalence of 4.08% (2 / 49 samples). Both PCV4 positive samples originated from clinically healthy finishers. Malaysian PCV4 strains were classified as genotype PCV4b, and were found to be phylogenetically distinct from the China, South Korea and Thailand strains. With this latest update of the novel PCV4 in Malaysia, it is clear that more attention needs to be given to the investigation of novel porcine circoviruses (PCV) and management of PCV diseases.

show abstract

Molecular detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) in Thailand during 2019–2020

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Genetic diversity of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 circulating among wild boars in the Moscow Region of Russia

Genetic diversity of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 circulating among wild boars in the Moscow Region of Russia

First detection of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) in Europe

First molecular detection of porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) in Malaysia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About