“…The anchoring groups of molecules toward Au EDs mainly include covalent anchors (e.g., R-SH, R-SeH, R-SnMe 3 , and R-SiMe 3 ) and coordinative anchors (e.g., R-NH 2 , R-COOH, R-C 6 H 5 N, R-CRN, and R-NRC). 80 However, most molecules lack these anchor groups in their natural states, and it is not trivial to add reliable anchor groups to the molecules. Therefore, attaching CB[n]s on Au EDs offers a dependable means to immobilize and detect inert molecules with low affinity for the gold surface.…”