Molecular Marker-Assisted Breeding for Crop Improvement

Sharma, Dipika; Prajapat, Rakesh Kumar; Mathur, Manas; Upadhyay, Tarun Kumar; Maloo, S. R.; Joshi, Arunabh; Surolia, Deepak Kumar; Dadarwal, R. S.; Khatik, Nisha

doi:10.1201/9781003099079-10

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Indirect selection of target traits via linked molecular markers, which are unaffected by environmental variations and whose high frequency number and structural diversity allow for the sequencing, detection, and mapping of the targeted genes, is a recent development in biotechnology that aids in the solution [10]. As a consequence, this ground-breaking combination of modern molecular marker technology and conventional plant breeding procedures opens up new avenues for smart breeding [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Using Phenological, Molecular and DNA Barcoding Markers

El‐Esawi

Elashtokhy

Shamseldin

et al. 2022

Genes

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a key food crop, accounting for approximately 765 million tons produced worldwide. The present study evaluated 16 wheat genotypes using 19 morphological and phenological traits, 16 molecular markers (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats and Start Codon Targeted; ISSR and SCoT) and rbcL and matK plastid gene barcoding. The 16 wheat genotypes showed significant genetic variation using the markers assayed. Cell plot of phenological parameters revealed significant differences among the 16-day-old seedlings of wheat genotypes at Z1.1 growth stage. Collectively, W2 genotype had the lowest shoot length (SL), length of first internodes (LFI) and leaf area (LA) values, while W8 genotype had the highest diameter of first internode (DFI) and LA values. Furthermore, W7 genotype had the maximum plant biomass (PB) and leaf width (LW) values. Geometric models grouped wheat kernels into “rounded” and “nearly elongated”. Estimates of heritability (H2) for these morphological characters ranged from 4.93 to 100%. The highest H2 values were recorded for root number (RN) (100%) followed by SL (88.72%), LFI (88.30%), LA (87.76%) and Feret diameter (86.68%), while the lowest H2 value was recorded for DFI (4.93%). Furthermore, highly significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations were also observed among those traits. Reproducible fingerprinting profiles and high levels of polymorphism (PPB%) of SCoT (95.46%) and ISSR (82.41%) were recorded, indicating that they are effective tools for detecting genetic variation levels among wheat genotypes. The informativeness of markers were measured through estimation of polymorphic information content (PIC), resolving power (RP) and marker index (MI). The RP and PPB% of SCoT were significantly higher compared to those of ISSR. Comparatively, the two molecular markers were effective for studying genetic diversity among wheat genotypes, but SCoT markers were more informative. Moreover, based on the two chloroplast DNA regions (rbcL and matK), MatK was found to be more reliable for differentiating among T. aestivum genotypes. Taken together, using all the studied attributes, a clear taxonomic relationship can be used to identify T. aestivum species and improve their pragmatic production and development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Using Phenological, Molecular and DNA Barcoding Markers

El‐Esawi

Elashtokhy

Shamseldin

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…New gene editing techniques like CRISPR show tremendous potential for faster, more precise genetic enhancements to food crops while avoiding foreign DNA introductions facing GMOs [14]. Research initiatives are underway using these tools to improve horticultural yields, postharvest quality, shelf life, sensory attributes, and cultivation efficiencies [21]. Policy guiding appropriate oversight remains in development to enable equitable realization of gene editing benefits.…”

Section: Gmosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horticultural Innovations Elevating Crop Yields and Agricultural Sustainability for a Flourishing Future

Indurthi,

Sarma,

Vinod

2024

PCBMB

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Advancements in horticultural technologies and practices are critical for meeting global food security needs while ensuring environmental sustainability. This paper examines recent innovations that enhance crop yields and resource efficiency in horticulture. Key areas explored include high-tech greenhouse agriculture, precision agriculture techniques, improved irrigation systems, biofertilizers and biopesticides, breeding of resilient cultivars, and vertical farming. Intensive greenhouse production with supplemental lighting, climate control, hydroponics and automation enables year-round vegetable and fruit yields up to 20 times higher than open-field methods. Precision agriculture leverages data analytics, sensors and AI for optimized inputs and cultivation decisions per sub-field zone. Upgraded irrigation systems like drip lines and computerized scheduling curtail water usage. Organic biofertilizers and biopesticides derived from microbes, plants and minerals boost soil health and impede pests while avoiding chemical residues. Newly bred cultivars feature accelerated growth, improved taste and nutrition, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Meanwhile, vertical farms multilayer indoor cropping to magnify yields in small footprints. Further integration of these and other cutting-edge horticultural technologies can increase global food production without environmental sacrifice. This necessitates greater public and private sector investments paired with institutional support.

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“…However, due to the advantages and disadvantages associated with these methods, a singular viable solution to address this problem has yet to be discovered. Traditional breeding and marker-assisted selection are cost-effective and widely recognized methods for achieving desirable outcomes ( Sharma et al, 2021 ). Nonetheless, they are time-consuming and face challenges such as reproductive barriers and limited genetic variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brassinosteroids as promoters of seedling growth and antioxidant activity under heavy metal zinc stress in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)

Kumar,

Sharma,

Kaur

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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The escalation of harmful pollutants, including heavy metals, due to industrialization and urbanization has become a global concern. To mitigate the negative impacts of heavy metal stress on germination and early plant development, growth regulators have been employed. This study aimed to evaluate the response of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) to zinc stress in the presence of brassinosteroids, focusing on seedling growth and antioxidant potential. Mung bean seedlings were treated with three concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 PPM) with or without zinc. Results demonstrated that the application of brassinosteroids, combined with zinc stress, significantly enhanced germination percentage (about 47.06, 63.64, and 120%), speed of germination (about 39.13, 50, and 100%), seedling growth (about 38% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO4) and seedling vigor index (204% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO4) compared to zinc-treated seedlings alone after 24 h. The activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase) and total soluble protein content decreased, while lipid peroxidation and proline content exhibited a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) when compared to the control. However, the negative effects induced by heavy metal stress on these parameters were significantly mitigated by EBL application. Notably, the most effective concentration of EBL in overcoming zinc stress was found to be 0.4 PPM. These findings underscore the potential of exogenously applied brassinosteroids as a valuable tool in phytoremediation projects by ameliorating heavy metal stress.

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Molecular Marker-Assisted Breeding for Crop Improvement

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Using Phenological, Molecular and DNA Barcoding Markers

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Using Phenological, Molecular and DNA Barcoding Markers

Horticultural Innovations Elevating Crop Yields and Agricultural Sustainability for a Flourishing Future

Brassinosteroids as promoters of seedling growth and antioxidant activity under heavy metal zinc stress in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)

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