Molecular Markers Associated with Morphological Traits in Watermelon

Hawkins, Leigh K.; Dane, Fenny; Kubisiak, Thomas L.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.36.7.1318

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Tomato seed are approximately the same size as tomato seed, whereas tiny seed size is smaller than 5 mm but larger than tomato seed size (Gusmini, 2005;Wehner et al, 2001). High correlations (r = 0.9) among seed weight, seed length, and seed width have been reported (Hawkins et al, 2001;Poole et al, 1941;Zhang et al, 1995), suggesting a pleiotropic effect and leading to seed size usually being described in terms of seed length . Poole et al (1941) suggested that two genes, l and s, control seed length for large, medium, and small seed sizes with mediumsized seed being dominant and s epistatic to l. The suggested genotypes for long, medium, and short seeds are llS-, L-S-, and -ss, respectively (Poole et al, 1941).…”

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Main and Epistatic Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Seed Size in Watermelon

Prothro

Sandlin²,

Abdel‐Haleem³

et al. 2012

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an important crop grown for both its edible flesh and seeds. Seed size is an important trait in watermelon breeding, with large seeds preferred for planting and edible seeds but small seeds preferred in fruit sold for consumption. Large, medium, and small seed sizes are thought to be controlled by two genes with epistatic interaction. A ‘Klondike Black Seeded’ × ‘New Hampshire Midget’ (KBS × NHM) recombinant inbred line population and a ZWRM 50 × PI 244019 (ZWRM × Citroides) F2 population were used to identify main effect quantitative trait loci (M-QTL) and epistatic QTL (E-QTL) associated with 100 seed weight (100SWT), seed length (SL), and seed width (SWD). Thirteen M-QTL were identified on four linkage groups (LGs) for the three traits in the two populations. Major M-QTL (R2 = 26.9% to 73.6%) were identified at the same location on LG 2 in both populations for all three traits. M-QTL for all three traits also colocalized on LG 9 in the ZWRM × Citroides population and on LG 4 for 100SWT and SL in the KBS × NHM population. Significant epistatic effects were found between the M-QTL on LG 2 and LG 4 in the KBS × NHM population and between LG 2 and LG 9 in the ZWRM × Citroides population. The phenotypic variance explained by the E-QTL was generally small. The stable, major M-QTL on LG 2 is a candidate for marker-assisted selection for seed size in watermelon.

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confidence: 98%

“…Watermelon seed size has traditionally been divided into qualitative categories as being large, medium, small, tomato, or tiny (Hawkins et al, 2001;Poole et al, 1941;Zhang, 1996b). Poole et al (1941) defined large, medium, and small seed as having average seed lengths of 13, 10, and 6 mm, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Main and Epistatic Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Seed Size in Watermelon

Prothro

Sandlin²,

Abdel‐Haleem³

et al. 2012

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…. Epistatic interactions among flavonoid genes are common (Conner and Erickson, 1991;Fick, 1976;Hawkins and Dane, 2001;Pahlavani et al, 2004;Tyrach and Horn, 1997) because several key enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway have multiple precursors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetics and Biochemistry of Flower Color in Stokes Aster

Barb¹,

Werner²,

Griesbach³

2008

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Stokes aster [Stokesia laevis (J. Hill) Greene] is a herbaceous perennial endemic to the coastal plains of the southeastern United States. Anthocyanin and copigment aglycones from flowers were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography. Blue, lavender, violet, and albescent flowers each contained the anthocyanidin petunidin, although albescent flowers contained a substantially smaller amount. Pale pink flowers were found to contain only cyanidin. Anthocyanins and carotenoids were not present in pale yellow flowers of this species. All flowers contained the flavone luteolin. Genetic analysis of F1, F2, and BC1 populations suggested that flower color in stokes aster is controlled by at least three loci. F2 populations of blue × albescent and blue × pale yellow flowering plants segregated in a 3:1 ratio of blue to albescent or pale yellow flowered progeny, indicating that albescent and pale yellow flower colors were recessive and each controlled by a single locus with two alleles. BC1 populations supported these results. We propose the symbols A and Y: AA and YY plants synthesize a normal amount of anthocyanins, aa plants synthesize a reduced amount of anthocyanins, and yy plants do not synthesize anthocyanins. When the two mutant phenotypes (i.e., albescent [aa] and pale yellow [yy]) were crossed, the F1s were blue, and the F2 segregated in a 9 blue:3 albescent:4 yellow ratio, indicating that the recessive locus (y), when homozygous, was epistatic to other loci involved in anthocyanin production (e.g., A), and that the genotypes of the parents used in these crosses were aaYY (albescent) and AAyy (pale yellow). F1, F2, and BC1 populations of blue (petunidin) × pale pink (cyanidin) flowering plants revealed that cyanidin production was recessive and controlled by a single locus, P, with two alleles, whereby PP plants synthesize petunidin and pp plants synthesize cyanidin. It was difficult to distinguish albescent- and pale pink-flowered progeny in segregating generations, therefore three genetic models were proposed and tested to determine the genotype(s) (i.e., AApp, Aapp, or aapp) of the pale pink-flowered plants. Based on these analyses, we propose a theoretical biochemical pathway for flavonoid biosynthesis in stokes aster.

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“…The interaction of these genes produced six base colors: black (RR TT WW); clump (RR TT ww); tan (RR tt WW); white with tan tip (RR tt ww); red (rr tt WW); and white with pink tip (rr tt ww) (Kanda, 1931;McKay, 1936;Poole, 1941). Furthermore, a modified gene, d was proposed to be responsible for a black dotted seed coat (Poole, 1941;Hawkins et al, 2001). A single pair of gene, c r was reported to account for the formation of the cracks on the seed coat (Abd el-Hafez et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Mapping and Discovery of the Candidate Gene for Black Seed Coat Color in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Gebremeskel

et al. 2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Seed coat color is an important trait highly affecting the seed quality and flesh appearance of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). However, the molecular regulation mechanism of seed coat color in watermelon is still unclear. In the present study, genetic analysis was performed by evaluating F 1 , F 2 and BC 1 populations derived from two parental lines (9904 with light yellow seeds and Handel with black seeds), suggesting that a single dominant gene controls the black seed coat. The initial mapping result revealed a region of interest spanning 370 kb on chromosome 3. Genetic mapping with CAPS and SNP markers narrowed down the candidate region to 70.2 kb. Sequence alignment of the three putative genes in the candidate region suggested that there was a single-nucleotide insertion in the coding region of Cla019481 in 9904, resulting in a frameshift mutation and premature stop codon. The results indicated that Cla019481 named ClCS1 was the candidate gene for black seed coat color in watermelon. In addition, gene annotation revealed that Cla019481 encoded a polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which involved in the oxidation step of the melanin biosynthesis. This research finding will facilitate maker-assisted selection in watermelon and provide evidence for the study of black seed coat coloration in plants.

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Molecular Markers Associated with Morphological Traits in Watermelon

Abstract: Morphological traits were examined in an F3 generation derived from a cross between C. lanatus var. lanatus [(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] and C. lanatus var. citroides. At least three genes, C (yellow) vs. c (red), i (inhibitory to C) vs. I (… Show more

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Main and Epistatic Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Seed Size in Watermelon

Main and Epistatic Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Seed Size in Watermelon

Genetics and Biochemistry of Flower Color in Stokes Aster

Genetic Mapping and Discovery of the Candidate Gene for Black Seed Coat Color in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

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