Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Disease in Diabetes

Touyz, Rhian M.; Eluwole, Omotayo; Camargo, Livia L; Alves-Lopes, Rhéure; Neves, Karla B; Maseko, Muzi J.; Guzik, Tomasz J.; Petrie, John R.; Montezano, Augusto C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13009-0_7

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 111 publications

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“…Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Cardiovascular diseases are the major complication of diabetes [4]. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegeneration and medicinal studies present that diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (a complication of diabetes mellitus) are correlated to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Investigation, and In Silico Analysis of Pyrazole-Based Derivatives as Multi-target Agents

Hassan

Aboulthana

2023

Egypt. J. Chem.

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The diseases-related complications and causes are threaded. Accordingly, the preparation of one drug with multiple targets is very pressing. In this context, the three series of pyrazole-based derivatives 7a-c, 9a-c, and 11a-c were designed and synthesized by using 5-amino-pyrazoles 3a-c as starting materials. The structures of various products 7a-c, 9a-c, and 11a-c were characterized by using various devices (elemental analysis and spectral tools). The biological activities of pyrazolebased products 7a-c, 9a-c, and 11a-c were estimated as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-arthritic. The estimation results showed that the two products 7c and 11a displayed powerful biological activities. In silico analysis (physicochemical, drug-likeness, and toxicity properties) of the two products 7c and 11a was performed. This research could be valuable for the exploration of one drug with multiple targets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Investigation, and In Silico Analysis of Pyrazole-Based Derivatives as Multi-target Agents

Hassan

Aboulthana

2023

Egypt. J. Chem.

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Assessment of IL-6, MDA, GSH and Serum Electrolytes in Diabetic Patients

Al-Kufaishi,

Al-Shukry,

Al-Musawi

2023

Biomed. Pharmacol. J.

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Background: The public health community has been paying a lot of attention to metabolic syndrome, sometimes known as diabetes mellitus (DM). In many cases for the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus characterized by an uncontrolled rise in blood sugar (hyperglycemia) brought on by an inability of the body's cells (such as muscles) to detect and utilize the circulating insulin, a condition known as insulin sensitivity or insulin resistance, or by an insulin deficiency. (caused by pancreatic beta cell damage or decreased insulin release). These cases are accompanied by systematic inflammation in the long term, and as a result of the immune effect, there will be an increase in the levels of lipids peroxidation and thus a decrease in the levels of antioxidants. Objective: The study includes an evaluation of inflammatory levels and oxidative stress through an assay of IL-6, malondialdehyde, glutathione, and serum electrolyte levels in the patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with the control. Methods: The case-control study, where ablood sample collections from patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus and control apparently healthy. The samples were analyzed by ELISA, spectrophotometers, and electro-analyzer apparatus. Results: It was found that patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes have lower-grade inflammation, which is the reason for the significant increase in interleukin-6 (215±13 Pg/mL) compared with healthy (50±10 Pg/mL). Also, the high levels of free radicals and peroxides can be expressed by the increase in malondialdehyde, as well as a significant reduction in the levels of glutathione value. Patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes suffer from electrolyte disturbances due to excessive urine caused by high osmolality and metabolic acidosis due to high ketone bodies and consequently high potassium levels (hyperkalemia) (6.7±0.59 mmol/L). Conclusion: Uncontrolled high diabetes in type 2 patients leads to high inflammatory levels in the body, and this is the reason for increase interleukin 6 levels. Inflammations caused by the immune effect resulting from diabetes lead to the synthesis of higher levels of free radicals, leading to the oxidation of lipids and a decrease of glutathione concentration.

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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Disease in Diabetes

Cited by 2 publications

References 111 publications

Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Investigation, and In Silico Analysis of Pyrazole-Based Derivatives as Multi-target Agents

Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Investigation, and In Silico Analysis of Pyrazole-Based Derivatives as Multi-target Agents

Assessment of IL-6, MDA, GSH and Serum Electrolytes in Diabetic Patients

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