Molecular Semiconductors in Organic Photovoltaic Cells

Hains, Alexander W.; Liang, Ziqi; Woodhouse, Michael; Gregg, Brian A.

doi:10.1021/cr9002984

Cited by 878 publications

(635 citation statements)

References 487 publications

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“…In the field of PV, usually with the semiconductor as the absorber, its optical thickness is generally several times shorter than the length of light absorption, such as silicon [196,197]. Moreover, the diffusion length of the carrier is greater than the thickness of the material that must be available for high-efficiency cells (see Figure 14).…”

Section: Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The interaction of exciton-plasmon coupling and the conversion of exciton-plasmon-photon have been widely investigated experimentally and theoretically. In this review, we introduce the exciton-plasmon interaction from basic principle to applications. There are two kinds of exciton-plasmon coupling, which demonstrate different optical properties. The strong exciton-plasmon coupling results in two new mixed states of light and matter separated energetically by a Rabi splitting that exhibits a characteristic anticrossing behavior of the exciton-LSP energy tuning. Compared to strong coupling, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon (SP)-enhanced absorption, enhanced fluorescence, or fluorescence quenching, there is no perturbation between wave functions; the interaction here is called the weak coupling. SP resonance (SPR) arises from the collective oscillation induced by the electromagnetic field of light and can be used for investigating the interaction between light and matter beyond the diffraction limit. The study on the interaction between SPR and exaction has drawn wide attention since its discovery not only due to its contribution in deepening and broadening the understanding of SPR but also its contribution to its application in light-emitting diodes, solar cells, low threshold laser, biomedical detection, quantum information processing, and so on.

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Section: Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

et al. 2017

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“…1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 These devices require high charge-carrier mobility for operation, and columnar liquid-crystalline materials displaying high charge-carrier mobility along their columnar stacks are particularly attractive for this purpose. 1,9,10,11,12 The transfer efficiency depends on the nature and intensity of the intermolecular interactions that maintain the molecular stacks order over long ranges in the columnar structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isocyano-Triphenylene Complexes of Gold, Copper, Silver, and Platinum. Coordination Features and Mesomorphic Behavior

Chico

Domínguez

Donnio

et al. 2016

Crystal Growth & Design

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Stable organometallic complexes [AuX(CN-TriPh)] [X = Cl, C6F5, C6F4O-C10H21, C6F4O-(R)-2-octyl], [(μ-4,4′-C6F4C6F4){Au(CN-TriPh)}2], [CuCl(CN-TriPh)], trans-[PtI2(CN-TriPh)2], and [Ag(CN-TriPh)2]BF4, bearing the previously unreported triphenylene-isocyanide ligand 1-isocyano-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexadodecyloxytriphenylene (CN-TriPh), have been synthesized. The coordination features of the metal ion determine their thermal behavior. The free isocyanide ligand and all of the monomeric gold derivatives display enantiotropic mesomorphic behavior over a wide range of temperature (from 5 to 220 °C), while the copper complex, with the same stoichiometry but not isostructural with the gold complexes, melts directly to an isotropic liquid. The bis-isocyanide platinum and silver complexes also melt directly to an isotropic liquid at low temperatures. In this case, the two trans coordinated isocyanide ligands, connected by a too short linker, cannot become coplanar, which prevents the formation of a mesogenic structure. On the contrary, in the dinuclear gold complex the two isocyanide trans ligands are, due to the long Au–C6F4–C6F4–Au bridge, sufficiently separated to become coplanar, and this complex gives rise to a mesophase. The structures of the mesophases were determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. All materials prepared show a fluorescent emission centered on the triphenylene core.

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“…In these cocrystals, the generated singlet excitons are changed ultrafast into CT excitons, which is common but largely puzzled in organic photovoltaics [40]. Due to the limited studies on these, further investigations may be devoted to revealing the exciton dynamics and related molecular dynamics by applying advanced time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, as well as theoretical calculations.…”

Section: Science China Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of organic “cocrystals”

et al. 2015

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ly pack in a DAD A···DADA fashion with sufficient D-A π-electron overlap, ii) segregated-stacking, wherein molecules pack in a DDDD···AAAA fashion with D-D and A-A π-overlap.As a novel research area, there are full of challenges for organic cocrystals. The first challenge is the basic mechanism of co-crystallization, because not any two types of materials can recognize each other and self-assemble into a cocrystal. Hence, a question is what kind of material is suitable for co-crystallization, and how different molecules co-assemble, nucleate and crystallize. This is also related to the method applied for co-crystallization, including solution [24], vapor-phase [6,27−29] and mechanochemical techniques [16,30]. In our experience, some fundamental conditions are also essential for solution co-crystallization, such as strong intermolecular interactions, planar molecular structure and similar solubility of donor (D) and acceptor (A). In order to reveal the nucleation and growth mechanism of organic cocrystals and further control the self-assembling process of co-crystallization, we used perylene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) CT cocrystal as an example [31], and found that the morphology and phase of cocrystals mainly depend on the concentration of perylene (C perylene ) rather than TCNQ (C TCNQ ), and high C perylene is favourable for the formation of (perylene) 3 TCNQ (P3T1) microblocks, while low C perylene faciliates the formation of (perylene) 1 TCNQ (P1T1) nanowires (Fig. 1). More importantly, we demonstrate that the formed D-A complex is regarded as a new material species, because the solubility of the formed P3T1 in acetonitrile is obviously lowered than that of any single components. It actually allows us to define the cocrystal as a new molecular species. The structure-function relationship of these cocrystals is further investigated. P1T1 cocrystals exhibit n-type behavior with electron mobility of 0.05 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , while P3T1 cocrystals display ambipolar behavior with high hole mobility of 0.03 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and low electron mobility of 2.1×10 −5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . Moreover, white light responsivity of P1T1 is higher than Organic cocrystal (also "co-crystal"), formed with two or more different components via non-covalent intermolecular interactions, possesses novel, unpredicted and unique properties, which are not the simple sum of those molecular components, e.g., with effect of 1+1>2. In this regard, organic cocrystals provide a distinctive strategy for the synthesis of novel multifunctional materials, and an important platform for exploring new fundamental physicochemical phenomena in molecular systems, such as high conductivity [1,2] Probably, the first cocrystal could be tracked back to 1844 assigning to the discovery of "quinhydrone" by WÖhler [17], while the conception of "cocrystal" was firstly used by Schmidt and Snipes [18] to describe the crystal of pyrimidine and purine complex in 1967. However, the widely acceptance of this concept is still progressing, since the definition of a cocrysta...

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Molecular Semiconductors in Organic Photovoltaic Cells

Cited by 878 publications

References 487 publications

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

Exciton-plasmon coupling interactions: from principle to applications

Isocyano-Triphenylene Complexes of Gold, Copper, Silver, and Platinum. Coordination Features and Mesomorphic Behavior

Challenges of organic “cocrystals”

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