Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) and levels of genetic diversity of complete genome of SARS-CoV-2 virus from of six South American Countries

Abstract

Although some Countries in South America have implemented laboratory and patient management protocols for the new coronavirus, the lack of access to basic sanitation and hygiene measures, as well as the lack of drugs and vaccines, has significantly interfered with the epidemiological mechanics of the virus, emphasizing its implications. Therefore, trying to understand the evolutionary aspects of the virus, emerges as another strategy that can help in the most varied measures of prophylaxis. In this work, we evaluated the levels of genetic diversity in 38 complete Genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from six countries in South America, using specific methodologies for paired FST, AMOVA, mismatch, demographic and spatial expansions, molecular diversity and for the time of evolutionary divergence. The analyses showed non-significant evolutionary divergences within and between the six countries, as well as a significant similarity to the time of genetic evolutionary divergence between all populations. Thus, it seems safe to affirm that we will find similar results for the other Countries of South America, reducing speculation about the existence of rapid and silent mutations that, although there are as we have shown in this work, do not increase, until this moment, the genetic variability of the Virus, a fact that would hinder the work with molecular targets for vaccines and drugs in general.

Analysis of the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 genomes carrying the Omicron B.1.1.529 mutation

“…Perhaps, with the insertion of more haplotypes for all regions studied in the databases, this configuration may change. The groups described here presented null patterns of genetic structuring diverging from the results obtained by Felix et al , 2020 for wild populations of SARS-CoV-2 for Latin American countries.…”

SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil: analysis of molecular variance and genetic diversity in viral haplotypes found in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Tocantins

“…Several factors such as: non-obedience to the use of masks, hand washing, the use of alcohol at 70%, an intense disagreement among members of the government about the practice of social isolation, a low population’s compliance with quarantine, the superstition about the virus infecting only people over 60 years of age, the lack of understanding of the population about the disease or the complete denial of its existence (inflated by denialist political leaders), from the early dismantling of the few existing field hospitals and finally the loss of the validity of thousands of RT-PCR tests stocked for a supposed distribution, only increase the rates of transmission, therefore the number of patients and unfortunately the number of deaths (FÉLIX et al , 2020b).…”