Molten salt shielded synthesis (MS3) of Ti2AlN and V2AlC MAX phase powders in open air

Roy, Chiranjit; Banerjee, Pritam; Bhattacharyya, Somnath

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.10.020

Cited by 76 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Some MAX phases (e.g. Ti3SiC2, Ti3AlC2, V2AlC, Cr2AlC) have been synthesized by molten salt method [24][25][26][27][28] . In the present work, we synthesized a MAX phase of Sc2SnC in molten salts environment where the Sc element belongs to rare earth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molten Salt Synthesis of Nanolaminated Sc₂SnC MAX Phase

李友兵¹,

秦彦卿²,

陈科³

et al. 2021

Journal of Inorganic Materials

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The MAX phases are a family of of ternary layered material with both metal and ceramic properties, and it is also precursor materials for synthesis of two-dimensional MXenes. The theory predicted that there are more than 600 stable ternary layered MAX phases. At present, there are more than 80 kinds of ternary MAX phases synthesized through experiments, and few reports on MAX phases where M is a rare earth element. In this study, a new MAX phase Sc2SnC with rare earth element Sc at the M sites was synthesized through the reaction sintering of Sc, Sn, and C mixtures. Phase composition and microstructure of Sc2SnC were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy spectrum analysis. And structural stability, mechanical and electronic properties of Sc2SnC was investigated via density functional theory. This study open a door for explore more unknown ternary layered rare earth compounds Ren+1SnCn (Re=Sc, Y, La-Nd, n=1) and corresponding rare earth MXenes.

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confidence: 99%

Molten Salt Synthesis of Nanolaminated Sc₂SnC MAX Phase

李友兵¹,

秦彦卿²,

陈科³

et al. 2021

Journal of Inorganic Materials

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“…MS3 process has been demonstrated for different MAX phases, such as Ti 3 SiC 2 , Ti 2 AlN, Ti 2 AlC, Ti 3 AlC 2 , and V 2 AlC as well as MoAlB and Cr 2 AlB 2 . 188,190,191 In addition, MAX phases can be synthesized by an electrochemical process based on MS. First a mixture of oxides, such as Cr 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 /C or TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 /C for Cr 2 AlC and Ti 3 AlC 2 , respectively, is consolidated at high temperature. 192,193 This pellet acts as cathode, meanwhile graphite bars are the anode.…”

Section: Molten Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the salt is molten, oxidation is avoided because the pellet is completely immersed in the molten salt. MS3 process has been demonstrated for different MAX phases, such as Ti 3 SiC 2 , Ti 2 AlN, Ti 2 AlC, Ti 3 AlC 2 , and V 2 AlC as well as MoAlB and Cr 2 AlB 2 188,190,191 …”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of MAX phases: From synthesis to applications

2020

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MAX phases are well-known and established due to their unique combination of properties and versatility, but this family of materials has experienced several ups and downs during its short history, including even being referred to with different names. Extensive work was carried out in the early 1960s in Vienna (Austria) by Wolfgang Jeitschko and Hans Nowotny, who discovered in more than 100 new carbides and nitrides. 1 Among them, they reported a new class of ternary systems, based on a transition metal (M), a metalloid (Me), and carbon (C), with a similar crystal structure to carbon-stabilized β-manganese phase, that is, Mo 3 Al 2 C. They were classified as "H-Phases" due to their hexagonal crystal structure, and some compositions

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“…Roy et al [65] simplified the MS method by eliminating salt encapsulation and using low-melting eutectic salt mixture to protect raw materials from oxidation. In their study, a salt mixture of NaClþKCl (NaCl:KCl ¼ 1:1) with a melting point of 657 C was mixed with elemental powders in a 1:1 weight ratio and pressed to pellets.…”

Section: Molten Salt-shielded Synthesis (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high purity and low-synthesis temperature could be attributed to the fact that the salt mixture melted before the metal precursors started to oxidize and the melt acted as an excellent reaction medium that assisted the chemical reaction. [65] [35] (V 0.5 Cr 0.5 ) 3 AlC 2 (V 0.5 Cr 0.5 ) 4 AlC 3 (bulk)…”

Section: Molten Salt-shielded Synthesis (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Xia

2021

Adv Eng Mater

107

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Ceramics is one of the oldest materials prepared and used by human beings. Ancient ancestors started to make pottery by forming and burning clay since the earliest civilizations. Ancient people started to fabricate burnt claywares since %6500 B.C., and clayware as a commercial product was available by %4000 B.C. [1] In modern society, as one of the largest branches in material family, ceramics have been developed and used in almost every fields of human beings' lives. In some senses, ceramics and metals possess complementary properties; generally, ceramics show the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high chemical stability, high wear resistance, whereas ceramics typically show intrinsic brittleness and poor plasticity due to their covalent and/or ionic chemical bonding; metals have good plasticity, high toughness, and high thermal and electronic conductivity; however, they typically show lower chemical stability and lower hardness than ceramics. It would be marvelous for a material to combine the properties of ceramics and metals. MAX phases are the materials that meet the challenge.MAX phases are a family of nanolaminate ternary nitrides and carbides, which were first discovered by Nowotny and his colleagues in Vienna. [2] In the beginning, MAX phases have a general formula of M nþ1 AX n (n ¼ 1-3), where M is a transition metal, A is an element from group A, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The n value could be 1, 2, or 3, and the phases are named as 211, 312, and 413 MAX phases, respectively. These MAX phases show a hexagonal crystal structure (P63/mmc), consisting of M 6 X octahedra separated by A atomic layers. [3] M─X bonds in M 6 X octahedra are strong covalent bonds, whereas the M─A bonds between M 6 X and A atomic layer are much weaker, especially in shear. This unique bonding structure is analogous to graphite, and it is the special bonding structure that endows MAX phases properties of both ceramics and metals. On the one hand, MAX phases are stiff, lightweight, chemically stable, and oxidation resistant, which are the features of ceramics; on the other hand, they exhibit good electric and thermal conductivity as well as excellent machinability and damage tolerance, which are the features of metals.Unfortunately, MAX phases had not attracted enough attention in both academia and industry until 1996 when Barsoum et al. [4] synthesized and characterized Ti 3 SiC 2 . Ever since then, material researchers become more interested in this material. [5] In the past two decades, many MAX phases have been synthesized and tested to show highly unusual properties, [6] which will be discussed with detail in the following sections. The intensive extent of the researches on MAX phases can be demonstrated by the published papers (Figure 1). A remarkable jump can be observed between 1998 and 1999, and after that, the number of published papers increases steadily, reaching as high as 980 papers in 2019 (Figure 1a). From another aspect, the citation of the milestone paper published by Barsoum [4] also signific...

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Molten salt shielded synthesis (MS3) of Ti2AlN and V2AlC MAX phase powders in open air

Cited by 76 publications

References 29 publications

Molten Salt Synthesis of Nanolaminated Sc₂SnC MAX Phase

Molten Salt Synthesis of Nanolaminated Sc₂SnC MAX Phase

Processing of MAX phases: From synthesis to applications

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

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Molten salt shielded synthesis (MS3) of Ti2AlN and V2AlC MAX phase powders in open air

Cited by 76 publications

References 29 publications

Molten Salt Synthesis of Nanolaminated Sc2SnC MAX Phase

Molten Salt Synthesis of Nanolaminated Sc2SnC MAX Phase

Processing of MAX phases: From synthesis to applications

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

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Molten Salt Synthesis of Nanolaminated Sc₂SnC MAX Phase

Molten Salt Synthesis of Nanolaminated Sc₂SnC MAX Phase