Monitoring and modeling of PCB dry deposition in urban area

Lee, Wen-Jhy; Su, Chun-Ching; Sheu, Hwey-Lin; Fan, Yi-Chin; Chao, How‐Ran; Fang, Guor‐Cheng

doi:10.1016/0304-3894(95)00159-x

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The average dry deposition fluxes of PCDD/Fs determined from this study were approximately 2 times lower than those observed at urban area of Japan (36-51 pg I-TEQ/m 2 -day) (Ogura et al, 2001), but similar findings were determined at urban areas of Taiwan (Shih et al, 2006;Wu et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2011), Korea (Moon et al, 2005), and industrial areas of Italy (Guerzoni et al, 2004). As for deposition fluxes of PCBs, values obtained in this study were two to three orders of magnitude lower than the previously reported values measured in suburban site of Turkey (2.1-163 ng/m 2 -day), urban and rural areas of USA, and Tainan, Taiwan (Lee et al, 1996b;Franz et al, 1998;Tasdemir et al, 2004a;Tasdemir and Holsen, 2005;Cindoruk and Tasdemir, 2007) (Table 9). The difference can be attributed to variations in ambient concentrations, sampling techniques, sites, and durations.…”

Section: Dry Deposition Fluxes Of Pcdd/fs and Pcbssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The estimated dry deposition flux of PCDD/Fs was approximately 4 times the wet deposition. Lee et al (1996b) reported the modeled and measured dry deposition flux of PCBs in an urban site of Taiwan. It was found that all the modeled and measures dry deposition data were within 41% of difference, revealing a good prediction of the adopted models in the authors study.…”

Section: Polychlorinatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the lack of measured data for the dry deposition velocities of total PCDD/Fs and PCBs, average deposition velocities of total PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the ambient air of southern Taiwan proposed by Shih et al (2006) and Lee et al (1996b), which were 0.42 and 0.28 (cm/s), respectively, were adopted herein. Values were also adopted in this study for the calculation of deposition fluxes of total PCDD/Fs and PCBs.…”

Section: Atmospheric Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dry deposition of gaseous PCDD/Fs and PCBs is mainly by diffusion. A selected value (0.010 cm/s) for gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dry deposition velocity, reported by Sheu and Lee (1996) and used by Lee et al (1996b), is also adopted here for the calculation of PCDD/F and PCB deposition fluxes contributed by their gas phase.…”

Section: Atmospheric Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Dry Deposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Southern Taiwan

Lin

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Dry deposition is one of the major routes by which air pollutants enter the ecosystem, and thus this study investigated the dry deposition characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and biphenyls (PCBs) in the ambient air of industrial, urban, and rural areas in southern Taiwan from November 2010 to May 2011. Average dry deposition fluxes of total PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the ambient air of four sites were 157-544 pg/m 2 -day (8.30-27.5 pg I-TEQ/m 2 -day) and 289-1010 pg/m 2 -day (0.540-1.94 pg WHO-TEQ/m 2 -day), respectively. The results showed that particle phase depositions dominated the dry deposition processes for the removal of PCDD/Fs and PCBs from the atmosphere, and the atmospheric deposition flux in the cold season tended to be higher than that during the warm season. The dry deposition velocity of individual PCDD/Fs (0.031-0.546 cm/s) increased as the number of chlorinated substitutes increased, which were similar to those measured or predicted in other Asian countries. Similar patterns of dry deposition velocities were observed for individual PCBs (0.069-3.38 cm/s), due to the fact that low chlorinated PCBs are predominant in gas phase and have lower deposition velocities.

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Section: Dry Deposition Fluxes Of Pcdd/fs and Pcbssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Polychlorinatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atmospheric Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atmospheric Dry Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Dry Deposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Southern Taiwan

Lin

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…By observing deposited particles, Tai, Lin, and Noll (1999) show that this effect is particularly true for urban locations where the coarse concentration of particles is high; however, the effect is also true for non-urban locations where the coarse concentration of particles is low. Similar results were obtained by Lee et al (1996) for PCB dry deposition in an urban area.…”

Section: Urban Deposition Modelssupporting

confidence: 88%

Improved Formulations for Air-Surface Exchanges Related to National Security Needs: Dry Deposition Models

Droppo¹

2006

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SummaryThe Department of Homeland Security and others rely on results from atmospheric dispersion models for threat evaluation, event management, and post-event analyses. The ability to simulate dry deposition rates is a crucial part of our emergency preparedness capabilities. Deposited materials pose potential hazards from radioactive shine, inhalation, and ingestion pathways. A reliable characterization of these potential exposures is critical for management and mitigation of these hazards.A review was conducted of the current status of dry deposition formulations used in these atmospheric dispersion models. The formulations for dry deposition of particulate materials considered an event such as a radiological attack involving a Radiological Detonation Device (RDD). The results of this effort are applicable to current emergency preparedness capabilities, such as are deployed in the Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment Center (IMAAC), other similar national/regional emergency response systems, and stand-alone emergency response models.The review concludes that dry deposition formulations need to consider the full range of particle sizes, including: 1) the accumulation mode range (0.1 to 1 micron in diameter) and its minimum deposition velocity, 2) smaller particles (less than 0.01 micron diameter) deposited mainly by molecular diffusion, 3) 10 to 50 micron diameter particles deposited mainly by impaction and gravitational settling, and 4) larger particles (greater than 100 micron diameter) deposited mainly by gravitational settling. The effects of the local turbulence intensity, particle characteristics, and surface element properties must also be addressed in the formulations.Specific improvements recommended for dry deposition formulations are 1) the capability of simulating near-field dry deposition patterns, 2) the capability of addressing the full range of potential particle properties, 3) the incorporation of particle surface retention/rebound processes, and 4) the development of dry deposition formulations applicable to urban areas. Also, to improve dry deposition modeling capabilities, atmospheric dispersion models in which the dry deposition formulations are imbedded need better source-term plume initialization and improved in-plume treatment of particle growth processes.Dry deposition formulations used in current models are largely inapplicable to the complex urban environment. An improved capability is urgently needed to provide surface-specific information to assess local-exposure hazard levels in both urban and non-urban areas on roads, buildings, crops, rivers, etc.A model improvement plan is developed with a near-term and far-term component. Despite some conceptual limitations, the current formulations for particle deposition based on a resistance approach have proven to be reasonable dry deposition simulations. For many models with inadequate dry deposition formulations, adding or improving a resistance approach will be the desirable near-term update. Resistance models, however, are i...

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Detection of cocaine in the airborne particles of the Italian cities Rome and Taranto

Cecinato¹,

Balducci

2007

J of Separation Science

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Cocaine was first detected in the air of two Italian cities, Rome and Taranto, where it reached concentrations sometimes exceeding 100 pg/m(3), by HRGC-MS analysis of carbonaceous aerosol samples. By contrast, the drug was virtually absent in Algiers (Algeria). In Italy, atmospheric concentrations of cocaine were, on average, similar to those of other toxic pollutants like polychlorobiphenyls or nitrated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and higher than those of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorodibenzofurans. The cocaine concentrations seemed to correlate with regional consumption of the drug in Rome and Taranto. By contrast, it correlated neither with nicotine or caffeine, nor with benzo[a]pyrene, the sole organic compound associated with aerosols that is quoted according to Italian legislation.

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Monitoring and modeling of PCB dry deposition in urban area

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Atmospheric Dry Deposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Southern Taiwan

Atmospheric Dry Deposition of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins/Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Southern Taiwan

Improved Formulations for Air-Surface Exchanges Related to National Security Needs: Dry Deposition Models

Detection of cocaine in the airborne particles of the Italian cities Rome and Taranto

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