Monitoring Brain Activity in VR: EEG and Neuroimaging

Ocklenburg, Sebastian; Peterburs, Jutta

doi:10.1007/7854_2023_423

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…20 Finally, fMRI scans restrict the user to a supine position within a noisy MRI room, potentially diminishing the level of immersion experienced by the user in the simulated virtual environment. 21 Over the past decade, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has attracted much attention in iVR studies. 22,23 fNIRS is a noninvasive, flexible, and low-cost brain imaging technique that employs low energy near-infrared light to quantify cortical hemodynamic variations in terms of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) concentration changes.…”

Section: Brain Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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iVR-fNIRS: studying brain functions in a fully immersive virtual environment

Peng,

Moussavi,

Karunakaran

et al. 2024

Neurophoton.

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. Immersive virtual reality (iVR) employs head-mounted displays or cave-like environments to create a sensory-rich virtual experience that simulates the physical presence of a user in a digital space. The technology holds immense promise in neuroscience research and therapy. In particular, virtual reality (VR) technologies facilitate the development of diverse tasks and scenarios closely mirroring real-life situations to stimulate the brain within a controlled and secure setting. It also offers a cost-effective solution in providing a similar sense of interaction to users when conventional stimulation methods are limited or unfeasible. Although combining iVR with traditional brain imaging techniques may be difficult due to signal interference or instrumental issues, recent work has proposed the use of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in conjunction with iVR for versatile brain stimulation paradigms and flexible examination of brain responses. We present a comprehensive review of current research studies employing an iVR-fNIRS setup, covering device types, stimulation approaches, data analysis methods, and major scientific findings. The literature demonstrates a high potential for iVR-fNIRS to explore various types of cognitive, behavioral, and motor functions in a fully immersive VR (iVR) environment. Such studies should set a foundation for adaptive iVR programs for both training (e.g., in novel environments) and clinical therapeutics (e.g., pain, motor and sensory disorders and other psychiatric conditions).

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Section: Brain Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iVR-fNIRS: studying brain functions in a fully immersive virtual environment

Peng,

Moussavi,

Karunakaran

et al. 2024

Neurophoton.

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“…Another commonly used modality for evaluating cognitive processes is electroencephalography (EEG). Recently, it has been used more frequently in combination with XR headset application, chosen for its mobility, real-time capabilities, and low-cost point (Ocklenburg and Peterburs, 2023 ). By amplifying the fast changes in electrical cortical activity recorded over electrodes attached non-invasively to the scalp, it becomes possible to derive corresponding cortical processes at high temporal resolution (Jackson and Bolger, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for synchronized use of EEG and eye tracking in fully immersive VR

Larsen,

Tresselt,

Lorenz

et al. 2024

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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This study explores the synchronization of multimodal physiological data streams, in particular, the integration of electroencephalography (EEG) with a virtual reality (VR) headset featuring eye-tracking capabilities. A potential use case for the synchronized data streams is demonstrated by implementing a hybrid steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) based brain-computer interface (BCI) speller within a fully immersive VR environment. The hardware latency analysis reveals an average offset of 36 ms between EEG and eye-tracking data streams and a mean jitter of 5.76 ms. The study further presents a proof of concept brain-computer interface (BCI) speller in VR, showcasing its potential for real-world applications. The findings highlight the feasibility of combining commercial EEG and VR technologies for neuroscientific research and open new avenues for studying brain activity in ecologically valid VR environments. Future research could focus on refining the synchronization methods and exploring applications in various contexts, such as learning and social interactions.

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“…The review suggested that VR can optimize motor learning by manipulating the practice conditions that engage different learning mechanisms, such as motivational, cognitive, motor control and sensory feedback-based mechanisms. Authors in (Ocklenburg & Peterburs, 2023) described the use of EEG and neuroimaging methods to monitor brain activity in VR, and reviewed some applications of VR in neuroscience, such as studying the neural correlates of presence, embodiment, social cognition and memory. The chapter also suggested that VR can provide a powerful tool for exploring the neural mechanisms underlying human behaviour and cognition within ecologically environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Brain Health and Cognitive Development Through Sensorimotor Play in Virtual Reality: Uncovering the Neural Correlates

Lekova,

Tsvetkova,

Andreeva

2024

IJGSI

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Brain health is a critical part of well-being because it is a foundation for the ability to communicate, make decisions and solve real-life problems. Virtual reality games involve motor and sensory activities that can help to improve brain connectivity by providing an immersive and interactive experience that engages multiple brain regions simultaneously. Reinforcing sensorimotor activities influences cognitive skills and improves brain health. Sensorimotor play in virtual reality is a relatively new concept that is gaining attention as a tool for promoting brain health and cognitive abilities. It is believed that this type of play can have positive impact on brain health and cognitive function, such as improving memory, enhancing focus, and reducing stress and anxiety. The aims of the current paper are (1) – to present evidence, based on neuro correlates, of the importance of the sensorimotor play to the brain health and (2) – to propose a conceptual model for a personalized VR game design using neurocognitive feedback obtained through Brain-Computer Interface that assesses brain areas during sensorimotor stimulation.

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Monitoring Brain Activity in VR: EEG and Neuroimaging

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

iVR-fNIRS: studying brain functions in a fully immersive virtual environment

iVR-fNIRS: studying brain functions in a fully immersive virtual environment

A method for synchronized use of EEG and eye tracking in fully immersive VR

Enhancing Brain Health and Cognitive Development Through Sensorimotor Play in Virtual Reality: Uncovering the Neural Correlates

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