Monitoring deep-tissue oxygenation with a millimeter-scale ultrasonic implant

Sonmezoglu, Soner; Fineman, Jeffrey R.; Maltepe, Emin; Maharbiz, Michel M.

doi:10.1038/s41587-021-00866-y

Cited by 104 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…While there are several other examples of wireless implants that have been aggressively miniaturized (Piech et al 2020 ; Ghanbari et al 2019 ; Lee et al 2021b ; Charthad et al 2018 ; Ahmadi et al 2019 ; Freeman et al, 2017 , b ; Lim et al 2021 ; Yeon et al 2016 ; Biederman et al 2015 ; Lee et al, 2021a ; Sonmezoglu et al 2021 ; Freeman et al, 2017 , b ; Seymour et al 2014 ), these devices have much lower integration levels than those described above and thus would displace much larger volumes of tissue if they were to be injected. In addition, many of them require a relay system to increase implantation depth.…”

Section: Fully Injectable Microdevices and Injection Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable wireless microdevices: challenges and opportunities

et al. 2021

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In the past three decades, we have witnessed unprecedented progress in wireless implantable medical devices that can monitor physiological parameters and interface with the nervous system. These devices are beginning to transform healthcare. To provide an even more stable, safe, effective, and distributed interface, a new class of implantable devices is being developed; injectable wireless microdevices. Thanks to recent advances in micro/nanofabrication techniques and powering/communication methodologies, some wireless implantable devices are now on the scale of dust (< 0.5 mm), enabling their full injection with minimal insertion damage. Here we review state-of-the-art fully injectable microdevices, discuss their injection techniques, and address the current challenges and opportunities for future developments.

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Section: Fully Injectable Microdevices and Injection Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injectable wireless microdevices: challenges and opportunities

et al. 2021

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“…This work mainly concerns the design of a US-Data Down-Link embedding the proposed fully digital BPSK demodulator. Indeed, the state-of-the-art presents several modulation schemes, such as the ASK [18,19], PWM-ASK [20], OOK [19,21,22], and OOK-PM [23,24], while the BPSK demodulation has often been used for RF-powered IMDs [25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Starvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink Communications

2022

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Low-invasive and battery-less implantable medical devices (IMDs) have been increasingly emerging in recent years. The developed solutions in the literature often concentrate on the Bidirectional Data-Link for long-term monitoring devices. Indeed, their ability to collect data and communicate them to the external world, namely Data Up-Link, has revealed a promising solution for bioelectronic medicine. Furthermore, the capacity to control organs such as the brain, nerves, heart-beat and gastrointestinal activities, made up through the manipulation of electrical transducers, could optimise therapeutic protocols and help patients’ pain relief. These kinds of stimulations come from the modulation of a powering signal generated from an externally placed unit coupled to the implanted receivers for power/data exchanging. The established communication is also defined as a Data Down-Link. In this framework, a new solution of the Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) demodulator is presented in this paper in order to design a robust, low-area, and low-power Down-Link for ultrasound (US)-powered IMDs. The implemented system is fully digital and PLL-free, thus reducing area occupation and making it fully synthesizable. Post-layout simulation results are reported using a 28 nm Bulk CMOS technology provided by TSMC. Using a 2 MHz carrier input signal and an implant depth of 1 cm, the data rate is up to 1.33 Mbit/s with a 50% duty cycle, while the minimum average power consumption is cut-down to 3.3 μW in the typical corner.

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“…In further work, the same authors characterized this device in an anesthetized sheep model where O 2 concentration readings from the wireless device were compared to readings from a wired commercial pO 2 sensor. [ 229 ] As the graphs in Figure 6A show the UPI accurately reflected measurements of O 2 (black line represents the wired commercial sensor and the red line represents the wireless device) when compared to that of the commercial sensor as feed oxygen content to the implant area was controlled externally.…”

Section: Application Of Upismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Upismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound‐Powered Implants: A Critical Review of Piezoelectric Material Selection and Applications

Turner

Senevirathne

Kilgour

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Ultrasound‐powered implants (UPIs) represent cutting edge power sources for implantable medical devices (IMDs), as their powering strategy allows for extended functional lifetime, decreased size, increased implant depth, and improved biocompatibility. IMDs are limited by their reliance on batteries. While batteries proved a stable power supply, batteries feature relatively large sizes, limited life spans, and toxic material compositions. Accordingly, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer (WPT) strategies are attracting increasing attention by researchers as alternative reliable power sources. Piezoelectric energy scavenging has shown promise for low power applications. However, energy scavenging devices need be located near sources of movement, and the power stream may suffer from occasional interruptions. WPT overcomes such challenges by more stable, on‐demand power to IMDs. Among the various forms of WPT, ultrasound powering offers distinct advantages such as low tissue‐mediated attenuation, a higher approved safe dose (720 mW cm−2), and improved efficiency at smaller device sizes. This study presents and discusses the state‐of‐the‐art in UPIs by reviewing piezoelectric materials and harvesting devices including lead‐based inorganic, lead‐free inorganic, and organic polymers. A comparative discussion is also presented of the functional material properties, architecture, and performance metrics, together with an overview of the applications where UPIs are being deployed.

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Monitoring deep-tissue oxygenation with a millimeter-scale ultrasonic implant

Cited by 104 publications

References 52 publications

Injectable wireless microdevices: challenges and opportunities

Injectable wireless microdevices: challenges and opportunities

A 28 nm Bulk CMOS Fully Digital BPSK Demodulator for US-Powered IMDs Downlink Communications

Ultrasound‐Powered Implants: A Critical Review of Piezoelectric Material Selection and Applications

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