Monitoring Medication Adherence by Unannounced Pill Counts Conducted by Telephone: Reliability and Criterion-Related Validity

Kalichman, Seth C.; Amaral, Christina M.; Cherry, Chauncey; Flanagan, Jody; Pope, Howard; Eaton, Lisa A.; Kalichman, Moira O.; Cain, Demetria; Detorio, Mervi; Caliendo, Angela M.; Schinazi, Raymond F.

doi:10.1310/hct0905-298

Cited by 102 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Existing research shows that individuals behaviorally compensate by reducing condom use when they believe that they are less infectious. 15,16,28,29 The current results add to the literature by showing, for the first time, that infectiousness beliefs are associated with contracting a new STI. These findings offer further evidence that failure to address behavioral risk compensation following an undetectable viral load among men who hold infectiousness beliefs will undermine test and treat programs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Unannounced pill counts are reliable and valid in assessing HIV treatment adherence when conducted in participants' homes 28 and on the telephone. 29 After an officebased training in the pill counting procedure, participants were called at an unscheduled time by a phone assessor. Participants were provided with a free cell phone that restricted use for project contacts and emergency 911.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Transmission Risks: Implications for Test-and-Treat Approaches to HIV Prevention

Kalichman

Cherry²,

Amaral³

et al. 2010

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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HIV transmission may be prevented by effectively suppressing viral replication with antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, adherence is essential to the success of ART, including for reducing HIV transmission risk behaviors. This study examined the association of nonadherence versus adherence with HIV transmission risks. Men (n ¼ 226) living with HIV=AIDS and receiving ART completed confidential computerized interviews and telephone-based unannounced pill counts for ART adherence monitoring. Data were collected between January 2008 and June 2009. Results showed that nonadherence to ART was associated with greater number of sex partners and engaging in unprotected and protected anal intercourse. These associations were not moderated by substance use. The belief that having an undetectable viral load leads to lower infectiousness was associated with greater number of partners, including nonpositive partners, and less condom use. Men who had an undetectable viral load and believed that having an undetectable viral load reduces their infectiousness, were significantly more likely to have contracted a recent STI. Programs aimed at testing and treating people living with HIV=AIDS for prevention require attention to adherence and sexual behaviors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Transmission Risks: Implications for Test-and-Treat Approaches to HIV Prevention

Kalichman

Cherry²,

Amaral³

et al. 2010

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unannounced pill counts are reliable and valid in assessing HIV treatment adherence when conducted in participants' homes 14 and on the telephone. 16,17 Participants were provided with a cell phone that restricted service for project contacts and emergency use (e.g., 911). Following an office-based training in the pill-counting procedure, participants were called at unscheduled times by a phone assessor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Treatment Implications of Food Insufficiency among People Living with HIV/AIDS, Atlanta, Georgia

et al. 2010

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HIV/AIDS is concentrated among the inner-city poor and poverty may directly interfere with HIV treatment. This study examined food insufficiency in relation to HIV-related health and treatment. A sample of 344 men and women living with HIV/ AIDS in Atlanta, Georgia completed measures of food security, health, and HIV disease progression and treatment. HIV treatment adherence was monitored using unannounced pill counts. Results showed that half of people living with HIV/AIDS in this study lacked sufficient food, and food insufficiency was associated with multiple indicators of poor health, including higher HIV viral loads, lower CD4 cell counts, and poorer treatment adherence. Adjusted analyses showed that food insufficiency predicted HIV treatment non-adherence over and above years of education, employment status, income, housing, depression, social support, and non-alcohol substance use. Hunger and food insecurity are prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS, and food insufficiency is closely related to multiple HIV-related health indicators, particularly medication adherence. Interventions that provide consistent and sustained meals to people living with HIV/AIDS are urgently needed.

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“…Unannounced pill counts are reliable and valid in assessing medication adherence when conducted in homes 20 and on the telephone. 21,22 In this study, we conducted unannounced cell-phone-based pill counts. Participants were provided with a free cell phone that restricted service for project contacts and emergency use.…”

Section: Medication Adherencementioning

confidence: 99%

Intentional Non-Adherence to Medications among HIV Positive Alcohol Drinkers: Prospective Study of Interactive Toxicity Beliefs

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is key to successful treatment of HIV infection and alcohol is a known barrier to adherence. Beyond intoxication, ART adherence is impacted by beliefs that mixing alcohol and medications is toxic. PURPOSE: To examine prospective relationships of factors contributing to intentional medication nonadherence when drinking. METHODS: People who both receive ART and drink alcohol (N=178) were enrolled in a 12-month prospective cohort study that monitored beliefs about the hazards of mixing ART with alcohol (interactive toxicity beliefs), alcohol consumption using electronic daily diaries, ART adherence assessed by both unannounced pill counts and self-report, and chart-abstracted HIV viral load. RESULTS: Participants who reported skipping or stopping their ART when drinking (N=90, 51 %) demonstrated significantly poorer ART adherence, were less likely to be viral suppressed, and more likely to have CD4 counts under 200/cc 3 . Day-level analyses showed that participants who endorsed interactive toxicity beliefs were significantly more likely to miss medications on drinking days. CONCLUSIONS: Confirming earlier cross-sectional studies, the current findings from a prospective cohort show that a substantial number of people intentionally skip or stop their medications when drinking. Interventions are needed to correct alcohol-related interactive toxicity misinformation and promote adherence among alcohol drinkers.KEY WORDS: medication adherence; alcohol use; HIV treatment beliefs.

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Monitoring Medication Adherence by Unannounced Pill Counts Conducted by Telephone: Reliability and Criterion-Related Validity

Cited by 102 publications

References 17 publications

Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Transmission Risks: Implications for Test-and-Treat Approaches to HIV Prevention

Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and HIV Transmission Risks: Implications for Test-and-Treat Approaches to HIV Prevention

Health and Treatment Implications of Food Insufficiency among People Living with HIV/AIDS, Atlanta, Georgia

Intentional Non-Adherence to Medications among HIV Positive Alcohol Drinkers: Prospective Study of Interactive Toxicity Beliefs

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