Monitoring physiological processes of fast-growing broilers during the whole life cycle: Changes of redox-homeostasis effected to trassulfuration pathway predicting the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract

In the broiler industry, the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio are extremely favorable, but the birds are beginning to approach the maximum of their genetic capacity. However, as a consequence of strong genetic selection, the occurrence of certain metabolic diseases, such as myopathies, ascites, sudden cardiac death and tibial dyschondroplasia, is increasing. These metabolic diseases can greatly affect the health status and welfare of birds, as well as the quality of meat. The main goal of this study was to investigate the changes in the main parameters of redox homeostasis during the rearing (1–42 days of age) of broilers with high genetic capacity, such as the concentrations of malondialdehyde, vitamin C, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and the inhibition rate of superoxide dismutase. Damage to the transsulfuration pathway during growth and the reason for changes in the level of homocysteine were investigated. Further, the parameters that can characterize the biochemical changes occurring in the birds were examined. Our study is the first characterize plasma albumin saturation. A method was developed to measure the levels of other small molecule thiol components of plasma. Changes in redox homeostasis induce increases in the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha and inflammatory interleukins interleukin 2, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 in broilers reared according to current large-scale husbandry technology and feeding protocols. A significant difference in all parameters tested was observed on the 21st day. The concentrations of cytokines and homocysteine increased, while the concentrations of glutathione and cysteine in the plasma decreased. Our findings suggest that observed changes in the abovementioned biochemical indices have a negative effect on poultry health.

Effects of the Addition of Trichoderma reesei Cellulase to Broiler Chicken Diets for a 21-Day Period

“…Low protein concentrations follow malnutrition, acute infections, and hemorrhage. The causes of hypoalbuminemia can be due to loss (via glomerular, enteropathies, skin lesions, and severe hemorrhages), decreased production (in cases of liver failure, poor diet, poor digestion, poor absorption), and decreased sequestration (avian ascites) [59][60][61].…”

“…The main functions of these molecules include maintaining blood volume through colloidal osmotic effects, participating in blood pH maintenance, hormone and drug transport, cellular coagulation, and catalyzing (enzymes) and regulating (hormones) biological processes [75]. Some proteins are also indispensable in inflammatory, immune, and tissue regeneration and repair processes, where they are called acute-phase proteins [59,76].…”

Interpretation of Chinese expert consensus on the whole-course management of hepatocellular carcinoma (2023 edition)

“…Given the significant impact of the disease on the normal life and work of patients, it is imperative to integrate rehabilitation concepts into the initial multidisciplinary collaboration of treatment. This approach aims to facilitate the early achievement of both physical and mental rehabilitation for patients [9] .…”