Monitoring shipping emissions in the German Bight using MAX-DOAS measurements

Seyler, André; Wittrock, F.; Kattner, Lisa; Mathieu-Üffing, Barbara; Peters, Enno; Richter, Andreas; Schmolke, Stefan; Burrows, J. P.

doi:10.5194/acp-2016-1153

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The increase of SO 2 from above to below capping (factor 10, Section 3.2.2.2) and its small enhancement ratio of 1.20 suggest that land-based emissions dominated the concentration of SO 2 in the lowest atmospheric level. This result might be in large part a consequence of the recent enforcement of the Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA; active since January 2015, MARPOL Annex VI), as already verified at coastal sites of the North Sea (Kattner et al, 2015;Seyler et al, 2017). On the contrary, ship exhaust appeared to be the main contributor to NO y mixing ratio, leading to E-NO y of 3.45.…”

Section: Ship Emissions In the Arkona Basinmentioning

confidence: 74%

Airborne survey of trace gases and aerosols over the Southern Baltic Sea: from clean marine boundary layer to shipping corridor effect

Zanatta¹,

Bozem²,

Köllner³

et al. 2020

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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The influence of shipping on air quality over the Southern Baltic Sea was investigated by characterizing the horizontal and vertical distribution of aerosols and trace gases using airborne measurements in the summer of 2015. Generally, continental and anthropogenic emissions affected the vertical distribution of atmospheric pollutants, leading to pronounced stratification in and above the marine boundary layer and controlling the aerosol extinction. Marine traffic along the shipping corridor "Kadet Fairway" in the Arkona Basin is shown to influence the presence and properties of both trace gases and aerosol particles in the lowest atmospheric layer. Total particle number concentration and NO y mixing ratio increased in the corridor plumes, relative to background, by a factor 1.55 and 3.45, respectively. Titration, triggered by the enhanced presence of nitrogen compounds, led to a median ozone depletion of 19% in the corridor plumes. The enforcement of the Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA) might be responsible for the minor sulphur dioxide increase (20%) in the corridor plumes. Ship traffic caused a minor enhancement of black carbon mass concentration, estimated to be around 10%. The study of individual ship plumes indicated that ship emitted aerosol was substantially different from background aerosol: fresh ship exhaust was preferentially enriched in aerosol particles with diameters below 100 nm and in black carbon particles with core diameters above 300-400 nm. With the present work the impact of marine traffic on the concentration and properties of atmospheric components within the marine boundary layer over the open water of the Southern Baltic Sea is assessed with airborne observations for the first time. Due to the high uncertainty affecting the estimations of ship emissions, this dataset represents a valuable reference for the assessment of ship emission inventories and related environmental-climatic impacts on the Southern Baltic Sea.

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Section: Ship Emissions In the Arkona Basinmentioning

confidence: 74%

Airborne survey of trace gases and aerosols over the Southern Baltic Sea: from clean marine boundary layer to shipping corridor effect

Zanatta¹,

Bozem²,

Köllner³

et al. 2020

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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“…Several studies have confirmed the idea of the O 4 scaling factor and have shown that applying a SF (commonly using a value between 0.75 and 0.9) is indeed necessary (Wagner et al, 2009;Clémer et al, 2010;Irie et al, 2011;Vlemmix et al, 2015b;Wang et al, 2016;Wagner et al, 2019Wagner et al, , 2021. However, other studies have not supported this requirement (Spinei et al, 2015;Ortega et al, 2016;Seyler et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2017a, b). Although the need for an O 4 scaling factor for retrieving aerosol information from MAX-DOAS measurements has been extensively discussed (Wagner et al, 2019), its physical mechanism is not understood and still remains an unresolved issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Retrieval of tropospheric aerosol, NO<sub>2</sub>, and HCHO vertical profiles from MAX-DOAS observations over Thessaloniki, Greece: intercomparison and validation of two inversion algorithms

et al. 2022

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Abstract. In this study we focus on the retrieval of aerosol and trace gas vertical profiles from multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations for the first time over Thessaloniki, Greece. We use two independent inversion algorithms for the profile retrievals: the Mexican MAX-DOAS Fit (MMF) and the Mainz Profile Algorithm (MAPA). The former is based on the optimal estimation method (OEM), while the latter follows a parameterization approach. We evaluate the performance of MMF and MAPA, and we validate their retrieved products with ancillary data measured by other co-located reference instruments. The trace gas differential slant column densities (dSCDs), simulated by the forward models, are in good agreement, except for HCHO, where larger scatter is observed due to the increased spectral noise of the measurements in the UV. We find an excellent agreement between the tropospheric column densities of NO2 retrieved by MMF and MAPA (slope=1.009, Pearson's correlation coefficient R=0.982) and a good correlation for the case of HCHO (R=0.927). For aerosols, we find better agreement for the aerosol optical depths (AODs) in the visible (i.e., at 477 nm) compared to the UV (at 360 nm), and we show that the agreement strongly depends on the O4 scaling factor that is used in the analysis. The agreement for NO2 and HCHO near-surface concentrations is similar to the comparison of the integrated columns with slightly decreased correlation coefficients. The seasonal mean vertical profiles that are retrieved by MMF and MAPA are intercompared, and the seasonal variation in all species along with possible sources is discussed. The AODs retrieved by the MAX-DOAS are validated by comparing them with AOD values measured by a CIMEL sun photometer and a Brewer spectrophotometer. Four different flagging schemes were applied to the data in order to evaluate their performance. Qualitatively, a generally good agreement is observed for both wavelengths, but we find a systematic bias from the CIMEL sun photometer and Brewer spectrophotometer measurements, due to the limited sensitivity of the MAX-DOAS in retrieving information at higher altitudes, especially in the UV. An in-depth validation of the aerosol vertical profiles retrieved by the MAX-DOAS is not possible since only in very few cases is the true aerosol profile known during the period of study. However, we examine four cases, where the MAX-DOAS provided a generally good estimation of the shape of the profiles retrieved by a co-located multi-wavelength lidar system. The NO2 near-surface concentrations are validated against in situ observations, and the comparison of both MMF and MAPA revealed good agreement with correlation coefficients of R=0.78 and R=0.73, respectively. Finally, the effect of the O4 scaling factor is investigated by intercomparing the integrated columns retrieved by the two algorithms and also by comparing the AODs derived by MAPA for different values of the scaling factor with AODs measured by the CIMEL sun photometer and the Brewer spectrophotometer.

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Monitoring shipping emissions in the German Bight using MAX-DOAS measurements

Abstract: A three-year time series of ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements of NO 2 and SO 2 on the island Neuwerk has been analyzed for contributions from shipping emissions. The 35 1 Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.,

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Airborne survey of trace gases and aerosols over the Southern Baltic Sea: from clean marine boundary layer to shipping corridor effect

Airborne survey of trace gases and aerosols over the Southern Baltic Sea: from clean marine boundary layer to shipping corridor effect

Retrieval of tropospheric aerosol, NO<sub>2</sub>, and HCHO vertical profiles from MAX-DOAS observations over Thessaloniki, Greece: intercomparison and validation of two inversion algorithms

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Monitoring shipping emissions in the German Bight using MAX-DOAS measurements

Abstract: A three-year time series of ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements of NO 2 and SO 2 on the island Neuwerk has been analyzed for contributions from shipping emissions. The 35 1 Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.,

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Airborne survey of trace gases and aerosols over the Southern Baltic Sea: from clean marine boundary layer to shipping corridor effect

Airborne survey of trace gases and aerosols over the Southern Baltic Sea: from clean marine boundary layer to shipping corridor effect

Retrieval of tropospheric aerosol, NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and HCHO vertical profiles from MAX-DOAS observations over Thessaloniki, Greece: intercomparison and validation of two inversion algorithms

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Retrieval of tropospheric aerosol, NO<sub>2</sub>, and HCHO vertical profiles from MAX-DOAS observations over Thessaloniki, Greece: intercomparison and validation of two inversion algorithms