Monitoring the biomechanical response of individual cells under compression: A new compression device

Peeters, Eag Emiel; Bouten, Cvc Carlijn; Oomens, Cwj Cees; Baaijens, Fpt Frank

doi:10.1007/bf02348096

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Compression testing by micromanipulation can be used to determine the mechanical properties of small particles or cells with sizes down to about 1 lm. [14][15][16] It has been used to study many experimental systems including sea-urchin eggs, 17,18 single tomato cells, [19][20][21] animal cells, 16,22,23 yeast cells, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] bacteria, 24 microspheres and microcapsules, 15,25,26 and pollen grains. 27 In this technique, an individual cell is compressed between two flat parallel surfaces, usually until it bursts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the mechanical properties of yeast cell walls

Stenson

Hartley

Wang

et al. 2011

Biotechnology Progress

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The intrinsic cell wall mechanical properties of Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells were determined. Force-deformation data from compression of individual cells up to failure were recorded, and these data were fitted by an analytical model to extract the elastic modulus of the cell wall and the initial stretch ratio of the cell. The cell wall was assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, and incompressible. A linear elastic constitutive equation was assumed based on Hencky strains to accommodate the large stretches of the cell wall. Because of the high compression speed, water loss during compression could be assumed to be negligible. It was then possible to treat the initial stretch ratio and elastic modulus as adjustable parameters within the analytical model. As the experimental data fitted numerical simulations well up to the point of cell rupture, it was also possible to extract cell wall failure criteria. The mean cell wall properties for resuspended dried Baker's yeast were as follows: elastic modulus 185 ± 15 MPa, initial stretch ratio 1.039 ± 0.006, circumferential stress at failure 115 ± 5 MPa, circumferential strain at failure 0.46 ± 0.03, and strain energy per unit volume at failure 30 ± 3 MPa. Data on yeast cells obtained by this method and model should be useful in the design and optimization of cell disruption equipment for yeast cell processing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the mechanical properties of yeast cell walls

Stenson

Hartley

Wang

et al. 2011

Biotechnology Progress

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“…1 and described in detail elsewhere. 29 To review briefly, the device consists of a stainless steel frame resting on a motorized stage of an inverted microscope (Axiovert 100M, Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany) with a confocal laser scanning unit (LSM 510, Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany). Cells were grown on a cover glass, which was inserted in the cell chamber (3-mm deep and 25-mm diameter) of the frame.…”

Section: Cell Loading Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single C2C12 mouse myoblasts attached to a culture substrate were deformed using a specially designed loading device for unconfined compression under optimal environmental conditions, comparable to those of a regular CO 2 incubator. 29 The width, height, cross-sectional area, surface area, and volume of the cell during compression were estimated by means of combining confocal laser scanning microscopy with custom developed processing software. To quantify cell shape, a shape factor was introduced, which describes the ratio of the two major principal axes of the attached cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic, Three-Dimensional Deformation of Single Attached Cells Under Compression

Peeters

Bouten

Oomens

et al. 2004

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

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Abstract-Quantifying three-dimensional deformation of cells under mechanical load is relevant when studying cell deformation in relation to cellular functioning. Because most cells are anchorage dependent for normal functioning, it is desired to study cells in their attached configuration. This study reports new threedimensional morphometric measurements of cell deformation during stepwise compression experiments with a recently developed cell loading device. The device allows global, unconfined compression of individual, attached cells under optimal environmental conditions. Three-dimensional images of fluorescently stained myoblasts were recorded with confocal microscopy and analyzed with image restoration and three-dimensional image reconstruction software to quantify cell deformation. In response to compression, cell width, cross-sectional area, and surface area increased significantly with applied strain, whereas cell volume remained constant. Interestingly, the cell and the nucleus deformed perpendicular to the direction of actin filaments present along the long axis of the cell. This strongly suggests that this anisotropic deformation can be attributed to the preferred orientation of actin filaments. A shape factor was introduced to quantify the global shape of attached cells. The increase of this factor during compression reflected the anisotropic deformation of the cell.

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“…With a micro-squeezing plate it is possible to apply static or dynamic loads up to about 500 μN with a resolution of 10 μN on individual cells, measuring the resulting forces while observing the cell with a confocal microscope (Peeters et al 2003). The device is specifically developed to study the cellular background mechanisms for pressure sores.…”

Section: Instruments and Methods To Study (Sub-) Cellular And Moleculmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanomics and Physicomics in Gravisensing

Loon

2008

Microgravity Sci. Technol

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Sensing gravity by 'non-specialized' cells is still puzzling. We don't know where or by which mechanism such cells sense gravity. These questions in 'gravisensing' are not much different from questions in general mechanobiology. Numerous studies have been reported in this field in the last couple of decades. What are the mechanical properties of a cell? Are there differences in mechanical properties between cell types and if so why? How are forces perceived and transduced to a meaningful biological event. Novel techniques such as optical and magnetic tweezers, atomic force microscopy, magnetophoresis and computer modeling make the field of mechanosensing or perhaps physicomics accessible. A similar approach should also be applied for gravity-related research. This paper addresses the current techniques used in mechanosensing and exemplifies how a cell could sense the relatively weak force of gravity.

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Monitoring the biomechanical response of individual cells under compression: A new compression device

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

Determining the mechanical properties of yeast cell walls

Determining the mechanical properties of yeast cell walls

Anisotropic, Three-Dimensional Deformation of Single Attached Cells Under Compression

Mechanomics and Physicomics in Gravisensing

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