Monitoring the Exocytosis and Full Fusion of Insulin Granules in Pancreatic Islet Cells via Graphene Liquid Cell-Transmission Electron Microscopy

Investigation of the Magnetosome Biomineralization in Magnetotactic Bacteria Using GLC-TEM

“…Hematite is the strongest candidate for this iron oxide. As suggested earlier by Firlar et al through Gibbs Free Energy calculations, magnetite might have oxidized to maghemite and with the electron beam exposure, the maghemite might have converted to hematite 4 .…”

“…Until now, the approaches involved conventional and fluid flow holder approaches, which have disadvantages of not keeping the bacterial cells viable and having reduced imaging spatial resolution due to excess liquid thickness, respectively [1][2][3] . To overcome this, we encapsulated magnetotactic bacteria in graphene liquid cells (GLC) right after mixing them with iron rich growth medium as shown in Figure 1A [4][5][6] . Here, by maintaining the native environment of the AMB-1 bacterium, we were able to monitor for the first time with GLC-TEM imaging the formation of these nanoparticles and increased nanoparticle contrast due to advancing biomineralization ( Figure 1B).…”