Monkeypox in Brazil between stigma, politics, and structural shortcomings: have we not been here before?

Scheffer, Mário; Paiva, Vera Sílvia Facciolla; Barberia, Lorena; Russo, Giuliano

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100394

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is plausible that each of these infections are attributed to similar behaviors, all involving skin-to-skin contact, and known to previously induced stigmatizing reactions. 9,11,49 Interestingly, for each infection, expected attributed responsibility from the societal perspective was high but relatively low from the individual perspective, implying that MSM hold each other responsible to some extent, but not as much as broader society is expected to do. As for mpox specifically, the regression model also showed that perceived responsibility from the societal level is associated with perceived severity of social consequences and expectation of blame.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mpox stigma among men who have sex with men in the Netherlands: Underlying beliefs and comparisons across other commonly stigmatized infections

Zimmermann,

Gültzow,

Marcos

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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People with or at risk for mpox are likely to be stigmatized because of analogies to other sexually transmitted infections. Stigma is driven by beliefs about the perceived severity of the condition and perceived responsibility for acquiring the condition, both in broader society and individual responsibility. We explored these beliefs and compared them across mpox, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia in an online survey, conducted in July 2022, with 394 men‐who‐have‐sex‐with‐men in the Netherlands. We compared mean scores between infections using repeated measures analysis of variance and conducted hierarchical regression analyses to identify determinants of both mpox perceived responsibility endpoints. Results showed that participants expected that mpox would be seen as a “gay disease” and will be used to blame gay men. Compared to other infections, mpox was considered less severe than HIV, but more severe than syphilis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia. Perceived responsibility was comparable across infections, but, for each infection, participants perceived attributed responsibility to be higher in society than individual responsibility. Both perceived responsibility endpoints were highly correlated with each other and with other stigma beliefs. These results provide insight on the underlying determinants of mpox stigma and demonstrate that anticipated mpox stigma is present in the Netherlands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mpox stigma among men who have sex with men in the Netherlands: Underlying beliefs and comparisons across other commonly stigmatized infections

Zimmermann,

Gültzow,

Marcos

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“… 1 Along with a number of uncertainties and scientific issues, the outbreak has also brought to light unfortunate habits of our society: stigma, racism, and discrimination. 2 , 3 , 4 …”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to all the damage that any stigma entails, when it comes to infectious diseases, stigmatizing population groups adds further damage, as it drives people away from seeking diagnosis, vaccines, and treatment. 2 , 3 , 4 Discriminatory posts make us relive the sad early days of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the 1980s, which should have been left behind. Fake news also has its share of blame in the movement calling for the name change, as it has led to the death of monkeys in some countries as if they were responsible for the spread of monkeypox.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phasing out monkeypox: mpox is the new name for an old disease

Damaso

2023

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas

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“…It developed into well established Brazilian National Immunization Program providing protective vaccination not only against VARV but also against other preventable diseases like poliomyelitis, rubella, and rubella-syndrome, as well as diphtheria, tetanus, and neonatal tetanus. Nowadays, however, in the context of OPXV infections, new problems have emerged, and they are strongly connected with the misinformation regarding OPXV infections and the stigma associated with MPXV infection, as well as health care system funding [ 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Orthopoxvirus Zoonotic Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthopoxvirus Zoonoses—Do We Still Remember and Are Ready to Fight?

et al. 2023

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The eradication of smallpox was an enormous achievement due to the global vaccination program launched by World Health Organization. The cessation of the vaccination program led to steadily declining herd immunity against smallpox, causing a health emergency of global concern. The smallpox vaccines induced strong, humoral, and cell-mediated immune responses, protecting for decades after immunization, not only against smallpox but also against other zoonotic orthopoxviruses that now represent a significant threat to public health. Here we review the major aspects regarding orthopoxviruses’ zoonotic infections, factors responsible for viral transmissions, as well as the emerging problem of the increased number of monkeypox cases recently reported. The development of prophylactic measures against poxvirus infections, especially the current threat caused by the monkeypox virus, requires a profound understanding of poxvirus immunobiology. The utilization of animal and cell line models has provided good insight into host antiviral defenses as well as orthopoxvirus evasion mechanisms. To survive within a host, orthopoxviruses encode a large number of proteins that subvert inflammatory and immune pathways. The circumvention of viral evasion strategies and the enhancement of major host defenses are key in designing novel, safer vaccines, and should become the targets of antiviral therapies in treating poxvirus infections.

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Monkeypox in Brazil between stigma, politics, and structural shortcomings: have we not been here before?

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Mpox stigma among men who have sex with men in the Netherlands: Underlying beliefs and comparisons across other commonly stigmatized infections

Mpox stigma among men who have sex with men in the Netherlands: Underlying beliefs and comparisons across other commonly stigmatized infections

Phasing out monkeypox: mpox is the new name for an old disease

Orthopoxvirus Zoonoses—Do We Still Remember and Are Ready to Fight?

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