Monkeypox outbreak in Madrid (Spain): Clinical and virological aspects

García, Eduardo Díaz Rubio; Negredo, Anabel; Ayerdi, Oskar; Vázquez, Ana; Muñoz-Gómez, Ana; Monzón, Sara; Clavo, Petunia; Zaballos, Ángel; Vera, Mar; Sánchez, Patricia Gabriela Zambrano; Cabello, Noemí; Jiménez, Pilar; Pérez-García, Jorge; Varona, Sarai; Romero, Jorge del; Cuesta, Isabel; Delgado‐Iribarren, Alberto; Torres, Montse; Sagastagoitia, Íñigo; Palacios, Gustavo; Estrada, Vicente; Sánchez-Seco, María Paz

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.07.005

Cited by 130 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Dear Editor , In this journal E. Orviz and colleagues recently described the clinical presentation of the first monkeypox patients in Spain, [1] highlighting the frequent co-presence of sexually transmitted infections (STI). To date, no reports of co-infection with monkeypox virus and SARS-CoV-2 have been published.…”

Section: First Case Of Monkeypox Virus Sars-cov-2 and Hiv Co-infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On physical examination his body was dotted, including the palm of the right hand and the perianal region, with skin lesions in various stages of progression, ranging from small vesicles ( Fig. 2 On the second day of admission (July 6, 2022), given the high suspicion of monkeypox supported by suggestive skin lesions and a recent trip to Spain, [1] swabs of pustule exudate and nasopharynx secretions were sent to the Regional Reference Laboratory hosted at the University Hospital "P. Giaccone" of Palermo (Italy) for monkeypox orthopoxvirus detection and SARS-CoV-2 sequencing. To this purpose, monkeypox virus DNA was extracted using Quick-DNA TM Miniprep Plus extraction kit (Zymo Research), whereas SARS-CoV-2 RNA was extracted using QIAamp Viral RNA extraction kit (QI-AGEN).…”

Section: First Case Of Monkeypox Virus Sars-cov-2 and Hiv Co-infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specimens were confirmed positive to monkeypox virus and SARS-CoV-2. The first belonged to the West African clade, the variant responsible for the Spanish outbreak, [1] while SARS-CoV-2 genome classified by Pangolin as lineage BA.5.1 (GISAID Accession ID: EPI_ISL_13876417). Serology tests for viral hepatitis, herpes simplex, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and lymphogranuloma venereum were negative.…”

Section: First Case Of Monkeypox Virus Sars-cov-2 and Hiv Co-infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection

Nolasco

Vitale

Geremia

et al. 2023

Journal of Infection

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Section: First Case Of Monkeypox Virus Sars-cov-2 and Hiv Co-infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: First Case Of Monkeypox Virus Sars-cov-2 and Hiv Co-infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: First Case Of Monkeypox Virus Sars-cov-2 and Hiv Co-infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

First case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection

Nolasco

Vitale

Geremia

et al. 2023

Journal of Infection

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“…The skin lesions of human monkeypox are the most prominent feature of the infection. The skin lesions are pleiomorphic and include papules, vesicles, pustules, umbilicated pustules, ulcerating, pseudo-pustular, and scabs (104)(105)(106). The lesions are indistinguishable from ordinary smallpox.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Clinical Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: Virology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Epidemiology, Vaccines, Diagnosis, and Treatments

et al. 2022

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The World Health Organization, has declared the recent multiregional outbreak of monkeypox, a global public health emergency. Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral infection endemic to the west and central Africa. It belongs to the Poxviridae family, the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and the Orthopoxvirus genus. The Poxviridae family generally consists of complex, large, enveloped, and linear double-stranded DNA viruses. The initial clinical symptoms of monkeypox are often fever, severe headache, lymphadenopathy, myalgia, and fatigue. The skin lesions typically erupt within 1–3 days of the onset of fever. The rash tends to be more localized on the face and extremities than on the trunk. Monkeypox is often a self-limiting infection, and symptoms last from 2 to 4 weeks. It is isolated from various species, but the exact natural host is uncertain. Monkeypox is transmitted by close contact with infected humans or animals. Currently, no specific medication is available for monkeypox, and the existing therapeutics are the anti-viral agents approved for smallpox infection, including tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir. Additionally, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Vaccinia Immune Globulin Intravenous for treating vaccination complications. It is diagnosed by PCR. There are currently two vaccines licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. According to the WHO guidance, the first-generation smallpox vaccines held in national reserves of some countries are not recommended as they do not meet the current safety and manufacturing standards. The interim guidance indicates that new and safer (second- and third generation) vaccines for smallpox, may be beneficial for monkeypox prevention, including JYNNEOS, which has been approved for the prevention of monkeypox. Human monkeypox was first reported in 1970. Since then, it has caused several outbreaks, mainly in central and west Africa. The first monkeypox outbreak outside of Africa occurred in the United States in 2003, linked to contact with infected pet prairie dogs. More recently (2018-2021), monkeypox cases have been reported in travelers from Nigeria to the United Kingdom, Israel, Singapore, and the US. Since May 2022, multiple monkeypox cases have been confirmed in several non-endemic countries, raising the concern of an emerging global pandemic. This review is an updated overview of our current state of knowledge regarding monkeypox virology, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, epidemiology, vaccines, diagnosis, and treatment options.

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“…21 The emerging lineage of the 2022 outbreak has been characterised by more localised lesions – commonly reported on the genital or perianal regions of the body and associated with pain, sore throat and oedema – and does not exhibit the same prodromal symptoms as the other clades. 22,23 However, cases falling under medical observation are likely to represent a small proportion of all monkeypox cases, many and most of which occur mostly outside the reach of affected countries’ healthcare systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox treatment with tecovirimat in the Central African Republic under an Expanded Access Programme

Mbrenga

Nakouné

Malaka

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: There is currently no specific treatment recommended for monkeypox. This expanded access programme (EAP) aims to provide tecovirimat to patients with monkeypox and collect data on patient treatment, disease evolution and outcomes under a protocol to contribute to the evidence-base for the use of the drug for monkeypox. Methods: Patients with confirmed monkeypox received tecovirimat according to the recommended dosing. Data on clinical signs and symptoms were recorded daily during treatment and at follow-up visits. Blood or lesion samples were taken during treatment and at day 28 to assess viral presence of monkeypox by PCR. As tecovirimat is administered via an EAP, outcome measures were not predefined. Adverse events and clinical outcomes were monitored by evaluating the total number and location of lesions, temperature, degree of incapacity, presence of adverse events, patient survival, and viral presence throughout treatment and follow-up. Results: We report outcomes in 14 patients who were enrolled between December 2021 and February 2022. Muscle pain, headache, lymphadenopathy, lesions, fever, back pain, and upper respiratory symptoms were commonly reported at admission and during follow-up. The rate of appearance of active lesions gradually decreased throughout treatment, with the median time to no new lesions being 5 days following the start of treatment. No death attributable to monkeypox occurred in this cohort. Conclusions: Data collected through this EAP can help improve our knowledge about the use of tecovirimat for monkeypox. We have been able to document systematically the presentation and clinical and virological evolution of monkeypox under treatment.

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Monkeypox outbreak in Madrid (Spain): Clinical and virological aspects

Cited by 130 publications

References 21 publications

First case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection

First case of monkeypox virus, SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection

Monkeypox: Virology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Epidemiology, Vaccines, Diagnosis, and Treatments

Monkeypox treatment with tecovirimat in the Central African Republic under an Expanded Access Programme

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