Monkeypox plays a similar role like SARS-CoV-2; intensive animal screening is crucial after the first human-to-dog transmission report – Correspondence

Mohapatra, Ranjan K.; Mishra, Snehasish; Kandi, Venkataramana; Sarangi, Ashish K.; Ansari, Azaj; Chakraborty, Chiranjib; Biswal, Susanta Kumar; Dhama, Kuldeep

doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106925

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Scientists deliberately infected a wide variety of lab animals including guinea pig, hamster and rabbit with no corroborating finding. However, recent report of human‐to‐dog transmission of mpox defies the fundamental understanding 35 . Investigations on such transmissions need thorough and detailed further investigations.…”

Section: Zoonosis Of Mpox Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission dynamics, complications and mitigation strategies of the current mpox outbreak: A comprehensive review with bibliometric study

Mohapatra,

Singh,

Branda

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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As the mankind counters the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), it simultaneously witnesses the emergence of mpox virus (MPXV) that signals at global spread and could potentially lead to another pandemic. Although MPXV has existed for more than 50 years now with most of the human cases being reported from the endemic West and Central African regions, the disease is recently being reported in non‐endemic regions too that affect more than 50 countries. Controlling the spread of MPXV is important due to its potential danger of a global spread, causing severe morbidity and mortality. The article highlights the transmission dynamics, zoonosis potential, complication and mitigation strategies for MPXV infection, and concludes with suggested ‘one health’ approach for better management, control and prevention. Bibliometric analyses of the data extend the understanding and provide leads on the research trends, the global spread, and the need to revamp the critical research and healthcare interventions. Globally published mpox‐related literature does not align well with endemic areas/regions of occurrence which should ideally have been the scenario. Such demographic and geographic gaps between the location of the research work and the endemic epicentres of the disease need to be bridged for greater and effective translation of the research outputs to pubic healthcare systems, it is suggested.

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Section: Zoonosis Of Mpox Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent report of human-todog transmission of mpox defies the fundamental understanding. 35 Investigations on such transmissions need thorough and detailed further investigations.…”

Section: Zoonosis Of Mpox Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission dynamics, complications and mitigation strategies of the current mpox outbreak: A comprehensive review with bibliometric study

Mohapatra,

Singh,

Branda

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…50 More recently, the first report of human to dog transmission of MPXV has emphasized exploration of the reverse zoonotic event. 51 The virus will become more threatening when human to human transmission occurs via an infected human droplet of fluid passing with a noninfected community. Asymptomatic transmission of MPXV has also been reported recently.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old Enemy with a New Face: Re-emerging Monkeypox Disease – An Update

Islam¹,

Hemo²,

Chopra³

et al. 2022

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Human monkeypox (MPX), a multi-country re-emerging disease, is rapidly spreading around the world. The etiological agent of this disease, Monkeypox virus (MPXV), is a DNA virus classified into three genetic types (West Africa, Congo Basin clade, and one new clade-3). Atypical or unusual symptoms as well as asymptomatic infection of MPXV has also been reported. Transmission among humans is possible by droplets, contact, sexual intercourse, and fomites. Secondary transmission of this disease has been reported to occur in less than 10% of cases where it was found 35%–88% of smallpox. Mother-to-fetus transmission by vertical route is also possible for this disease. Modern equipment, biosafety level-3 laboratory facilities, and trained expert persons are needed to diagnose this disease. Previous data support that ~85% clinical protection is provided by smallpox vaccines for monkeypox, although initially non-human primates models were used for various experiments, and also side-effects of this vaccine have been notably mentioned in various studies. Limited research findings of JYNNEOS vaccine has supported the comparatively lower prevalence of MPX cases with vaccination. Few drugs, including cidofovir, tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and vaccinia immune globulin intravenous are preferable against this disease, although clinical trial data is limited and FDA-approval is also pending. This review-based study presents an overall scenario of Monkeypox disease (MPXD) based on previously published studies. Recommended clinical treatment and vaccination, appropriate infection prevention and control strategies, adopting one health approach, and quick identification of hotspots using a wastewater-based surveillance system need to be followed to check the further spread of MPX outbreaks.

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“…28,29 MPX is a zoonotic pathogen, 30 and more recently the first report of human-to-dog transmission of MPXV 31 has highlighted risk of reverse zoonosis of the virus, which calls for increasing the screening of different animal species including pets, adopting advanced global surveillance system, and strengthening of one health approach for effectively countering MPX transmission and circulation. [32][33][34][35] Various wild animals, including monkeys and rodents (such as squirrels, rats, and dormice), can spread the virus to people by bites or scratches; through activities like hunting, trapping, skinning, cooking, or ingesting infected animals; or through contact with infected bodily fluids 36 Human-to-human transmission, which mostly occurs through direct skin-to-skin contact with infectious sores, is less common than animal-to-human transmission but has occasionally resulted in small-scale, confined human outbreaks. 12 Direct contact with infected skin lesions, mucocutaneous lesions, and respiratory droplets is required for humanto-human transmission (and possibly short-range aerosols requiring prolonged close contact).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Monkeypox and Underlying Etiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45,46 The natural reservoir of the monkeypox virus is still unknown, though some of the rodents have been acknowledged to be naturally susceptible to the disease (MPXV). 33…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Monkeypox and Underlying Etiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on Monkeypox, Current Paradigms and Advances in its Vaccination, Treatment and Clinical Management: Trends, Scope, Promise and Challenges

Sharma¹,

Aggarwal²,

Sharma³

et al. 2022

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Monkeypox virus is an orthopoxvirus sharing the common genus with variola and vaccinia virus. Most of the monkeypox (MPX) cases had been reported from the central and west African region (the main endemic areas) prior to 2022 but there was a sudden outbreak in May, 2022 disseminating the infections to thousands of people even in non-endemic countries, posing a global public health emergency. MPX was considered a rae and neglected disease, however the 2022 MPX outbreaks in multiple countries attracted attention of worldwide researchers to pace up for carrying out researches on various aspects of MPXV including attempts to design and develop diagnostics, vaccines, drugs and therapeutics counteract MPX. Apart from being a zoonotic disease, the current outbreaks highlighted rapid human-to-human transmission of MPXV, besides the reverse zoonosis has also been documented with recent first report of human-to-dog transmission, urging a call for the importance of one health approach. Atypical and unusual disease manifestations as well asymptomatic MPXV infections have also been observed during 2022 MPX outbreak. The affected patients typically develop a rash resulting in a mild disease followed by recovery with some supportive care and use of antivirals such as tecovirimat, cidofovir and brincidofovir in severe disease cases. Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine with an excellent safety profile has been recommended to patients with higher risk exposure and immunocompromised individuals. Moreover, another vaccine the replication-competent vaccine (ACAM2000) could be a suitable alternative to MVA’s non-availability to some selective immunocompetent individuals. Current review highlights the salient aspects of management and treatment of monkeypox along with underlying promises in terms of therapeutics and a variety of challenges posed due to current global public health emergency situation to counteract MPX.

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Monkeypox plays a similar role like SARS-CoV-2; intensive animal screening is crucial after the first human-to-dog transmission report – Correspondence

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Transmission dynamics, complications and mitigation strategies of the current mpox outbreak: A comprehensive review with bibliometric study

Transmission dynamics, complications and mitigation strategies of the current mpox outbreak: A comprehensive review with bibliometric study

Old Enemy with a New Face: Re-emerging Monkeypox Disease – An Update

An overview on Monkeypox, Current Paradigms and Advances in its Vaccination, Treatment and Clinical Management: Trends, Scope, Promise and Challenges

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