"Monkeypox: Re-Emerging Infectious Disease and One Health Strategy"

Abstract

World Health Organization (WHO) has announced the monkeypox (MPX) epidemic as a global public health emergency due to its re-emergence, remarkable increase in the number of MPX cases worldwide, and its potential spread. This paper introduces the symptoms, complications, and features of MPX; its transmission, diagnosis and testing, vaccines, and treatment; MPX and sexually transmitted diseases, especially the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); possible natural hosts or reservoirs of the monkeypox virus (MPXV). A useful tool for MPX and surgical safety recommendations are presented. The challenges in fighting the MPX epidemic, the One Health strategy, and future research are discussed.