Monkeypox Virus Infection in 2 Female Travelers Returning to Vietnam from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2022

Dung, Nguyen Thanh; Hung, Le Manh; Hoa, Huynh T T; Nga, Le Hong; Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu; Thuong, Tang Chi; Ngoc, Nghiêm My; Ny, Nguyen Thi Han; Quy, Vo Truong; Thoa, Vu T K; Thanh, Nguyen T.; Tho, Phan Vinh; Toan, Le Mau; Quang, Vo Minh; Man, Dinh Nguyen Huy; Phat, Nguyen Tan; Phuong, Tran Thi; Tam, Tran T T; Thoa, Pham Thi Ngoc; Tam, Nguyen Hong; Lan, Truong T T; Thanh, Tran Tan; Maurer‐Stroh, Sebastian; Khanh, Le T T; Yen, Lam Minh; Hùng, Nguyễn Hữu; Thwaites, Guy; Tung, Nguyen Le Nhu; Thwaites, Louise; Châu, Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh; Anh, Nguyen To; Tan, Le Van

doi:10.3201/eid2904.221835

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The ongoing mpox outbreak in 2022–2023 has been due to Clade IIb, primarily consisting of lineage B.1. However, there have been few instances where sequences have been associated with lineages A.2 and A.3 7,12,35 . In our study, we identified the A.2.1 sublineage in a male and a female traveler from Saudi Arabia, suggesting the possible circulation of this sublineage between April and May 2023 in Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…However, there have been few instances where sequences have been associated with lineages A.2 and A.3. 7,12,35 In our study, we identified the A.2.1 sublineage in a male and a female traveler from Saudi Arabia, suggesting the possible circulation of this sublineage between April and May 2023 in Saudi Arabia. Unfortunately, due to the lack of available MPXV sequencing data from Saudi Arabia, we were unable to compare our sequences and determine the introduction of the A.2.1 sublineage into Pakistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…36 Besides Europe, in Asia, the A.2.1 sublineage of mpox was detected in two female travelers who had returned to Vietnam from the UAE in September 2022. 12 It was also identified in a major cluster of individuals from India who had traveled to the UAE in July 2022 and the USA in May 2022, with one traveler from the Middle East. 9,37 However, our sequences are distantly related to those cases, indicating complex transmission patterns and genetic diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, limited data are available on the coinfection of the two viruses. 12,13 We report the first case of coinfection of MPXV and VZV along with their whole-genome sequencing from Pakistan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic characterization of the first mpox and varicella‐zoster co‐infection in Pakistan (2023) through next‐generation sequencing

Umair,

Jamal,

Haider

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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The global mpox outbreak spanning 2022–2023 has affected numerous countries worldwide. In this study, we present the first report on the detection, whole‐genome sequence, and coinfection of the mpox virus and varicella zoster virus (VZV) from Pakistan. During April–May 2023, samples from 20 suspected cases of mpox were tested at the National Institutes of Health, Islamabad among which 4 tested positive. All four cases had a travel history of Saudi Arabia. All the suspected samples were processed by using a Zymo research kit for DNA extraction, followed by qRT‐PCR amplification by using a DaAn Gene detection kit for the mpox virus. Further, two of the positive samples with a low Ct value (<20) were subjected to whole‐genome sequencing using a metagenomic approach on the iSeq (Illumina) platform. The sequencing results revealed Clade IIb and genotype A.2.1 of MPXV, which clustered with viruses from Slovenia and the UK in July and June 2022, respectively. Our analysis identified two novel nonsynonymous substitutions in mpox virus, namely V98I in OPG046 and P600S in OPG109. Furthermore, we successfully retrieved the complete genome of VZV from the same sample, belonging to Clade 5. This study represents the first positive case of MPXV in Pakistan and the coinfection of mpox and VZV by using a metagenome approach providing insights into their complete genomes. Our results highlight the importance of surveillance at the point of entries, strengthening lab capacities including next‐generation sequencing, and using differential diagnosis for timely and accurate detection of mpox cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic characterization of the first mpox and varicella‐zoster co‐infection in Pakistan (2023) through next‐generation sequencing

Umair,

Jamal,

Haider

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Poxviruses are large cytoplasmic DNA viruses, and as a family, can infect a wide variety of different animal species. The most notorious members of the poxvirus family include variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, and monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is responsible for the recent global outbreaks of monkeypox infections since 2021 [9][10][11][12] . Vaccinia virus was used as the vaccine strain for the eradication of smallpox and is also the prototypic poxvirus that is best characterized 13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human FAM111A inhibits vaccinia virus replication by degrading viral DNA-binding protein I3 and is antagonized by poxvirus host range factor SPI-1

Zhu

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Poxviruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses that infect a wide range of animals including humans. Smallpox virus, the most notorious poxvirus, was eradicated globally in the 1970s. Since then, other members of the poxvirus family, such as monkeypox virus (MPXV) are still posing a great threat to public health. Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a prototypic poxvirus and was used as the vaccine strain for smallpox eradication. VACV encodes a serine protease inhibitor 1 (SPI-1) conserved in all orthopoxviruses, which has been recognized as a host range factor for modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), an approved smallpox vaccine and a promising vaccine vector. FAM111A, a nuclear protein that regulates host DNA replication, was previously identified as a putative target of VACV-ΔSPI-1, which was unable to replicate in human cells unless FAM111A was repressed. Nevertheless, the detailed antiviral mechanisms of FAM111A were unresolved. Here, we show that FAM111A is a potent antiviral factor for VACV-ΔSPI-1 and MVA. Deletion of FAM111A was able to rescue the replication of MVA and VACV-ΔSPI-1. Overexpression of FAM111A significantly reduced viral DNA replication and virus titers but did not affect viral early gene expression. The antiviral effect of FAM111A required its functional serine protease domain and DNA binding domain but not the PCNA-interacting motif. We further discovered that FAM111A translocated into the cytoplasm upon VACV infection and this process was activated through the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Infection-triggered FAM111A degraded the nuclear pore complex via its serine protease activity, translocated to the cytoplasm, and interacted with and promoted the degradation of virus uncoating factor I3 in a DNA-dependent manner. Interestingly, the serine protease activity of FAM111A was only needed for nuclear export but not I3 degradation. Further analysis suggested I3 was degraded through autophagy. Moreover, VACV SPI-1 was found primarily in the nucleus of infected cells and antagonized FAM111A by prohibiting its nuclear export. Mutations in the SPI-1 reactive-site loop (RSL) abolished its anti-FAM111A activity. SPI-1 from MPXV and lumpy skin disease virus could also inhibit human FAM111A. Our findings reveal the detailed mechanism by which FAM111A functions to restrict a cytoplasmic DNA virus and provide explanations for the immune evasive function of VACV SPI-1.

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Mpox neglect and the smallpox niche: a problem for Africa, a problem for the world

et al. 2023

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Monkeypox Virus Infection in 2 Female Travelers Returning to Vietnam from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2022

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Genomic characterization of the first mpox and varicella‐zoster co‐infection in Pakistan (2023) through next‐generation sequencing

Genomic characterization of the first mpox and varicella‐zoster co‐infection in Pakistan (2023) through next‐generation sequencing

Human FAM111A inhibits vaccinia virus replication by degrading viral DNA-binding protein I3 and is antagonized by poxvirus host range factor SPI-1

Mpox neglect and the smallpox niche: a problem for Africa, a problem for the world

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