Monkeypox virus replication underlying circadian rhythm networks

Abstract

The mammalian brain has an endogenous central circadian clock that regulates central and peripheral cellular activities. At the molecular level, this day-night cycle induces the expression of upstream and downstream transcription factors that influence the immune system and the severity of viral infections over time. In addition, there are also circadian effects on host tolerance pathways. This stimulates adaptation to normal changes in environmental conditions and requirements (including light and food). These rhythms influence the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of therapeutic drugs and vaccines. The importance of circadian systems in regulating viral infections and the host response to viruses is currently of great importance for clinical management. With the knowledge gained from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to address any outbreak of viral infection that could become endemic and to quickly focus research on any knowledge gaps. For example, responses to booster vaccination COVID-19 may have different time-dependent patterns during circadian cycles. There may be a link between reactivation of latently infected viruses and regulation of circadian rhythms. In addition, mammals may show different seasonal antiviral responses in winter and summer. This article discusses the importance of the host circadian clock during monkeypox infection and immune system interactions.

The validation of artificial anti‐monkeypox antibodies by in silico and experimental approaches

“…The mechanisms related to this virus should be known and drugs or vaccines should be designed for it. 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 This study opened a small window to deal with this virus, and we hope that this way will continue.…”

“…As a last word, we must say that this dangerous virus will come to human society, and ways to deal with it should be prepared from now. The mechanisms related to this virus should be known and drugs or vaccines should be designed for it 45–50 . This study opened a small window to deal with this virus, and we hope that this way will continue.…”

Monkeypox: a global health emergency

“…The result of vaccination is an improved clinical response to the infection, milder symptoms and faster recovery ( Zandi et al, 2023b ). The best and most effective measure of pre-exposure to the virus prophylaxis is vaccination ( Rizk et al, 2022 ).…”

Electrochemical Immunoassay Platform for Human Monkeypox Virus Detection

“…1−4 Multiple neurological and physiological symptoms such as fatigue, headache, weakness, altered consciousness, nausea, and vomiting are reported in patients infected with this virus. 5 Monkeypox was used to define as an endemic African disease that causes not so much serious problems globally. Unfortunately, an increasing number of monkeypox cases have been reported in disparate regions of the world in early May 2022, 6 and since it has been seen in more than 28 countries apart from African countries, recently it is declared as global public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO).…”

“…Monkeypox can simply be described as a closely relevant pox disease in monkeys that is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). MPXV is in the Poxviridae family and belongs to genus Orthopoxvirus . − Multiple neurological and physiological symptoms such as fatigue, headache, weakness, altered consciousness, nausea, and vomiting are reported in patients infected with this virus . Monkeypox was used to define as an endemic African disease that causes not so much serious problems globally.…”