Monoammonium Porphyrin for Blade-Coating Stable Large-Area Perovskite Solar Cells with >18% Efficiency

Abstract

Efficient control of crystallization and defects of perovskite films are the key factors toward the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), especially for the preparation of large-area PSCs devices. Herein, we directly embedded surfactant-like monoammonium zinc porphyrin (ZnP) compound into the methylammonium (MA+) lead iodide perovskite film to blade-coat large-area uniform perovskite films as large as 16 cm2. Efficiency as high as 18.3% for blade-coating large-area (1.96 cm2) PSCs with ZnP was unprecedentedly achieved, while the best efficiency of fabricated small-area (0.1 cm2) device was up to 20.5%. The detailed analyses demonstrated the functions of ZnP in crystallization control and defects passivation of perovskite surfaces and grain boundaries. As a consequence, the ZnP-encapsulated devices retained over 90% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h with a humidity of about 45% at 85 °C. This research presents a facile way to achieve the synergistic effect of large-area coating, morphology tailoring, and defect suppression based on the molecular encapsulation strategy for perovskite films, further improving the photovoltaic performance and stability of PSCs.

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

“…Many studies have demonstrated that the quality of the resulting perovskite films can be improved by controlling the substrate temperature [46,47]. In recent years, additives have also been used in blade coating to obtain compact perovskite films with fewer pinholes and uniform size distribution [17,48]. Huang et al [36] formulated a perovskite ink that can dramatically improve the bladecoating quality of perovskite films at a high coating speed.…”

“…Therefore, recent major challenges are to simultaneously control the film morphology and the crystalline quality and to prepare high-quality perovskite films with complete surface coverage, uniform morphology and large well-crystallized grains [13][14][15][16]. At the same time, research also focuses on the preparation of large-area perovskite films of high quality to obtain large-area perovskite solar modules [17,18]. It has also become a new research focus to improve the stability of PSCs by adjusting the structure of the perovskite [19,20].…”

Dynamic Antisolvent Engineering for Spin Coating of 10 × 10 cm2 Perovskite Solar Module Approaching 18%

“…However, a problem on the commercial processing is the unavoidable efficiency loss during the scalable fabrication of perovskite solar module. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] To date, MA-based PSCM reported by Huang et al with an attractive PCE of 14.6% at an aperture area of 57.2 cm 2 has the largest area and the highest performance. Herein, a simple dynamic antisolvent quenching (DAS) process is presented to understand large-area uniform perovskite films to obtain an efficient perovskite solar module.…”

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] To date, MA-based PSCM reported by Huang et al with an attractive PCE of 14.6% at an aperture area of 57.2 cm 2 has the largest area and the highest performance. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] To date, MA-based PSCM reported by Huang et al with an attractive PCE of 14.6% at an aperture area of 57.2 cm 2 has the largest area and the highest performance.…”

Enhancing Charge Separation through Oxygen Vacancy‐Mediated Reverse Regulation Strategy Using Porphyrins as Model Molecules

“…Porphyrins, widely existing in natural organisms, have attracted much attention recently in many research fields such as light-emitting materials, [31,32] catalysts, [33][34][35] solar cells, [36,37] sensors [38,39] and so forth. Herein, we embarked on using the molecular semiconductor, porphyrin, as a model molecule with expectation of facilitating the charge separation because of the following desirable reasons: 1) excellent optical and electrochemical properties can be obtained by modifying peripheral substituents and metal center; [40] 2) the ligand is easily modified by carboxyl or phosphate group, which is vital to facilitate electrode assembly.…”