Monofunctional Platinum(II) Anticancer Agents

Abstract

Platinum-based anticancer drugs represented by cisplatin play important roles in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, their applications are largely compromised by drug resistance and side effects. Much effort has been made to circumvent the drug resistance and general toxicity of these drugs. Among multifarious designs, monofunctional platinum(II) complexes with a general formula of [Pt(3A)Cl]+ (A: Ammonia or amine) stand out as a class of “non-traditional” anticancer agents hopeful to overcome the defects of current platinum drugs. This review aims to summarize the development of monofunctional platinum(II) complexes in recent years. They are classified into four categories: fluorescent complexes, photoactive complexes, targeted complexes, and miscellaneous complexes. The intention behind the designs is either to visualize the cellular distribution, or to reduce the side effects, or to improve the tumor selectivity, or inhibit the cancer cells through non-DNA targets. The information provided by this review may inspire researchers to conceive more innovative complexes with potent efficacy to shake off the drawbacks of platinum anticancer drugs.

Mechanism of Anticancer Action of Novel Imidazole Platinum(II) Complex Conjugated with G2 PAMAM-OH Dendrimer in Breast Cancer Cells

“…However, similar to all metal complexes, especially platinum drugs, they have disadvantages, the most troublesome of which is low bioavailability, which results from their high hydrophobicity [ 31 ]. Previous studies have shown that this problem can be solved by using dendrimers as drug carriers [ 32 , 33 ]. In addition, as a result of combining a drug with a dendrimer, an increase in its cytotoxicity is often observed, which allows reducing its dose and, as a result, eliminating many side effects [ 34 ].…”

BODIPY–dipicolylamine complexes of platinum(ii): X-ray structure, cellular imaging and organelle-specific near-IR light type-II PDT

“…29–32 The review article of Guo and co-workers highlights the recent advancements in monofunctional platinum( ii ) chemistry. 33…”

Novel cis‐Pt(II) Complexes with Alkylpyrazole Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Unusual Mode of Anticancer Action

“…For decades, the search for new antitumor Pt drugs followed the rules established based on knowledge of the mechanism of action of cisplatin and its direct analogs. However, this search is now shifting to the greater structural diversity of platinum complexes, including nonclassical structures [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Cis-Pt(II) iodido complexes have long been predominantly used as intermediates in synthesizing target platinum chlorides and carboxylates, particularly by the Dhara method or its modifications [17,18].…”