Monomers and Resulting Polymers from Biomass

Bergman, James A.; Kessler, Michael R.

doi:10.1002/9781118714478.ch5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 167 publications

(385 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, some studies have highlighted the improvement of random and blocking copolyesters depending on 2,5-FDCA and its subsequent melting and crystallization properties. 18,224 Wu et al (2021) found that its copolyester with PBF has been much more compostable and hydrophilic than its PBF copolymer, while the crystallinity improved as degradation advanced, ensuring that amorphous areas have been much more vulnerable to microbial attack. 225 Consequently, we studied recently published results and observed that the glass transition temperatures (T g ) of PCF and PEF are 91 and 90 °C, respectively, higher than those of other homo-and copolyesters.…”

Section: Decomposition Temperature (T D )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be done by adjusting the thermal features of all of the polyesters and copolyesters. Therefore, some studies have highlighted the improvement of random and blocking copolyesters depending on 2,5-FDCA and its subsequent melting and crystallization properties. , Wu et al (2021) found that its copolyester with PBF has been much more compostable and hydrophilic than its PBF copolymer, while the crystallinity improved as degradation advanced, ensuring that amorphous areas have been much more vulnerable to microbial attack …”

Section: Features Of 25-fdca-based Homo- and Copolyestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Progress on Sustainable 2,5-Furandicarboxylate-Based Polyesters: Properties and Applications

Miah,

Dong,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Polyesters based on 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) have attracted attention from both academia and industry as a new class of biobased polymers for the growing era of plastics. 2,5-FDCA-based polyesters are 100% renewable, and they are an alternative to petroleum-based or terephthalic acid (TPA)-based polyesters. Moreover, scientists and plastics experts have recognized bioplastics as an eco-friendly solution to developing cost-effective renewable plastics. The growth of the bioplastics market depends on a sustainable economy, population growth, and rapid changes in different polymers. Although a variety of auxiliaries have been practically used in recent years, the production of bioplastics from 2,5-FDCA monomers by oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a relatively innovative field of research. This review focuses on the properties and applications of 2,5-FDCA-based polyesters in the packaging and coating industries for producing biobased postconsumer products. The manufacturability, excellent (thermal, mechanical, and barrier) features, and applications in various fields of available 2,5-FDCAbased homo-and copolyesters are discussed. Biobased 2,5-FDCA pure homo-and copolyesters have recently progressed with exceptional properties for their counterparts petroleum-based polyesters. In particular, the mechanical performance of 2,5-FDCAbased pure homopolyesters such as poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) and poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PPF) has the highest tensile strength (σ b ) values of 84.07 ± 4.43 and 90 ± 6 MPa, respectively, compared with other homopolyesters. On the other hand, 2,5-FDCA-based neat copolyesters like poly(ethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PETF) and poly(ethylene-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PECF) had maximum tensile strength (σ b ) values of 97−98 and 59−75 MPa, respectively, compared to other copolyesters. In addition, we also compared and observed the highest Young's modulus (E) values of pure PEF (5248 ± 328 MPa) and pure PPF (2460 ± 280 MPa) homopolyesters and of neat PETF (3100−3300 MPa) and neat PECF (1740−2300 MPa) copolyesters. Furthermore, the elongation at break (ε b ) values of pure poly(decylene furandicarboxylate) (PDF) (986 ± 82%) and pure poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) (368 ± 43%) homopolyesters and neat poly(pentylene furandicarboxylate) (PPeF) (1050 ± 200%) and neat poly(1,4-butanediol 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PBTF) (900 ± 84%) copolyesters had the highest values compared to other pure homo-and copolyesters. Finally, the results of the barrier improvement factor (BIFp) study showed that neat PPeF copolyesters had the highest values of O 2 (227 BIFp) and CO 2 (979 BIFp) compared to other pure homo-and copolyesters.

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Section: Decomposition Temperature (T D )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Features Of 25-fdca-based Homo- and Copolyestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Sustainable 2,5-Furandicarboxylate-Based Polyesters: Properties and Applications

Miah,

Dong,

Wang

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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show abstract

“…Thus, dehydration of pentoses or hemicellososes yields furfural while corresponding transformations of hexoses lead to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). These compounds are currently studied in connection with the production bulk products such as new polymers [ 194 , 197 ] or surfactants [ 198 , 199 , 200 ].…”

Section: Biomass-derived Platform Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Transformation of Biomass and Biomass Derived Compounds—Application to Organic Synthesis

Fernandez

Hoffmann

2023

Molecules

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Biomass and biomass-derived compounds have become an important alternative feedstock for chemical industry. They may replace fossil feedstocks such as mineral oil and related platform chemicals. These compounds may also be transformed conveniently into new innovative products for the medicinal or the agrochemical domain. The production of cosmetics or surfactants as well as materials for different applications are examples for other domains where new platform chemicals obtained from biomass can be used. Photochemical and especially photocatalytic reactions have recently been recognized as being important tools of organic chemistry as they make compounds or compound families available that cannot be or are difficultly synthesized with conventional methods of organic synthesis. The present review gives a short overview with selected examples on photocatalytic reactions of biopolymers, carbohydrates, fatty acids and some biomass-derived platform chemicals such as furans or levoglucosenone. In this article, the focus is on application to organic synthesis.

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Thermosets

Gotro

Prime

2017

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Unlike thermoplastic polymers, which are processed in the molten state without altering their molecular structure, chemical reactions are involved when utilizing thermosets, for example, as an adhesive or to fabricate composite parts. As a result of these reactions, thermosetting resins form a cross‐linked network and become “set,” that is, they can no longer flow or dissolve. In contrast to cross‐linked elastomers or rubbers, the glass transition temperature ( T g ) of thermosets is generally above room temperature. They may contain additives such as catalysts to promote or accelerate cure. Many thermosets are used in filled or reinforced form. While epoxy resins are the best‐known thermosets, others include phenolic resins, unsaturated polyesters, polyurethanes, dicyanates, bismaleimides, acrylates and methacrylates. Topics covered in this article include the distinguishing characteristics of thermosetting materials; the more common thermosetting resins, including their cure chemistry; thermoset applications; materials and process characterization; cure, including cure kinetics and cure monitoring; and selected thermoset processes.

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Monomers and Resulting Polymers from Biomass

Cited by 4 publications

References 167 publications

Recent Progress on Sustainable 2,5-Furandicarboxylate-Based Polyesters: Properties and Applications

Recent Progress on Sustainable 2,5-Furandicarboxylate-Based Polyesters: Properties and Applications

Photocatalytic Transformation of Biomass and Biomass Derived Compounds—Application to Organic Synthesis

Thermosets

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